Typical material

Tables 14 and 15 Hst many of the typical materials of constmction used in the industry and the corresponding relative resistance to hydrochloric acid...

A typical material balance as well as chemical compositions are given in Table 5. The raw materials are metered into the makeup tanks in the proper ratios. Crysta11i2ation takes place in a separate crysta11i2er. An intermediate aging step at ambient temperature may be requited for the synthesis of certain high purity 2eobtes. 

Table 5. Typical Material Balance for Hydrogel Process, kg ...

Molten materials can also be cooled to soHd products on endless-belt systems, as shown in Figure 12. Some typical materials treated, product and feed characteristics, and capacities of belt cooling systems are given in Table 5. 

In a typical balanced plant producing vinyl chloride from EDC, all the HCl produced in EDC pyrolysis is used as the feed for oxychlorination. On this basis, EDC production is about evenly spHt between direct chlorination and oxychlorination, and there is no net production or consumption of HCl. The three principal operating steps used in the balanced process for ethylene-based vinyl chloride production are shown in the block flow diagram in Eigure 1, and a schematic of the overall process for a conventional plant is shown in Eigure 2 (76). A typical material balance for this process is given in Table 2. 

Table 2. Typical Material Balance for Vinyl Chloride Production by the Air-Based Balanced Ethylene Process...

The case is the largest portion of the container. The case is divided into compartments which hold the cell elements. The cores normally have a mud-rest area used to collect shed soHds from the battery plates and supply support to the element. Typical materials of constmction for the battery container are polypropylene, polycarbonate, SAN, ABS, and to a much lesser extent, hard mbber. The material used in fabrication depends on the battery s appHcation. Typical material selections include a polypropylene—ethylene copolymer for SLI batteries polystyrene for stationary batteries polycarbonate for large, single ceU standby power batteries and ABS for certain sealed lead—acid batteries. 

TABLE 10-45 Pressure-Temperature Ratings for FlangeS/ Flanged FittingS/ and Flanged Valves of Typical Materials/ Ibf/in ... 

Typical materials that are or can be processed in various types of expression dewatering devices are listed in Table 18-17. The table also provides an indication of the efficiency of the equipment. 

A typical material-balance table listing the principal components or boiling ranges in the process as a function of the stream location... 

The bearings are W ater lubricated. The typical materials of construction are carbon, copper alloys, bakelite and ceramics. The mechanical seals, like a double oil seal protected w ith a cap called a Sand Guard, are robust and perfect in sealing the inotor to prevent the entry of pumped... 

Plated, sputtered, or evaporated metals Table 1 Typical materials analyzed. 

Until comparatively recently the bulk of general purpose phthaiate plasticisers have been based on the branched alcohols because of low cost of such raw material. Suitable linear alcohols at comparative prices have become available from petroleum refineries and good all-round plasticisers are produced with the additional advantage of conferring good low-temperature flexibility and high room temperature resistance to plasticised PVC compounds. A typical material (Pliabrac 810) is prepared from a blend of straight chain octyl and decyl alcohols. 

More recently Fina Chemicals have introduced linear SBS materials (Finaclear) in which the butadiene is present both in block form and in a mixed butadiene-styrene block. Thus comparing typical materials with a total styrene content of about 75% by weight, the amount of rubbery segment in the total molecule is somewhat higher. As a result it is claimed that when blended with polystyrene the linear block copolymers give polymers with a higher impact strength but without loss of clarity. 

Evaporators have performed successfully in a number of industrial applications. Typical materials that are processed in evaporators include Caustic Soda, Caustic Potash, Sodium Carbonate, Sodium Dichromate, Sodium Nitrate, Ammonium Nitrate, Phosphoric Acid Superacid, Potash, Urea, Glue, Glycerine,... 

This book is designed as a handy desk reference covering fundamental engineering principles of project planning schemes and layout, corrosion principles and materials properties of engineering importance. It is intended as a general source of typical materials property data, useful for first pass materials selection in process design problems. 

Figure 6.1. Pressure-vapor diagram of a typical material (Reid 1976).

Figure 1-11. Typical material balance process flowsheet.

Typical Materials of Construction for Selected Centrifugal Applications... 

Ablative systems are not limited by the heating rate or environmental temperature, but rather by the total heat load. In spite of this limitation, however, the versatility of ablation has permitted it to be used on various hypervelocity atmospheric vehicles. No single, universally acceptable ablative material has been developed. Nevertheless, the interdisciplinary efforts of materials scientists and engineers have resulted in obtaining a wide variety of ablative compositions and constructions. These thermally protective materials have been arbitrarily categorized by their matrix composition, and typical materials are given in Table 2-9. 

Device Typical material Electron mobility Resistivity ohm-cm... 

The major piezoelectric applications are sensors (pickups, keyboards, microphones, etc.), electromechanical transducers (actuators, vibrators, etc ), signal devices, and surface acoustic wave devices (resonators, traps, filters, etc ). Typical materials are ZnO, AIN, PbTiOg, LiTaOg, and Pb(Zr.Ti)03 (PZT). 

The maj or pyroelectric applications are those related to infrared sensing such as cooking controls, fire or heat alarms, door openers, etc. Typical materials are LiTa03, PbTi03, andPb(Zr.Ti)03. 

Typical materials that exhibit liquid crystalline behaviour are made up of long, thin molecules. Hence in principle polymers ought to show the basic requirement for liquid crystal behaviour. Conventional polymers, however, are too flexible and tend to adopt random coil configurations in the melt. They are thus not sufficiently anisotropic to exhibit a mesophase. 

D microfabricated reactor devices are typically made by fabrication techniques other than stemming from microelectronics, e.g. by modern precision engineering techniques, laser ablation, wet-chemical steel etching or pEDM techniques. Besides having this origin only, these devices may also be of hybrid nature, containing parts made by the above-mentioned techniques and by microelectronic methods. Typical materials are metals, stainless steel, ceramics and polymers or, in the hybrid case, combinations of these materials. 

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