Olefinic copolymers Ethylene propylene

High density polyethylene (HOPE) Linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) Isotactic polypropylene (iPP) Syndiotactic polypropylene (sPP) tram-1,4-Polyisoprene Syndiotactic polystyrene (sPS) Cyclooleflns Ethylene-propylene copolymers Styrene-ethylene copolymers cw -1,4-polybutadiene rrarw -1,4-Poly isoprene Random ethylene-a-olefin copolymers Ethylene-propylene rubber (EPR) Ethylene-propylene-diene copolymers (EPDM)... 

The category of elastomers includes a wide range of products, such as natural rubber (NR), styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), styrene-butadiene-styrene copolymer (SBS known as thermoplastic rubber), styrene-isoprene-styrene copolymer (SIS), polyurethane rubber, polyether-polyester copolymer, olefinic copolymers, ethylene-propylene rubber (EPR) and so on (see also Table 3.16). 

Ionic copolymers are composed from an a-olefin with an olefin content of 80 mol-% and an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid (6). Suitable olefins include ethylene, propylene, 1-butene, 1-pentene, 1-hexene, etc. 

Olefin Copolymer, Molded Propylene—ethylene ionomer D60 (Shore)... 

Gamble and co-workers [155] used a photoelectric turbidimeter for measuring MWD of poly-a-olefins and ethylene-propylene copolymers. This instrument measures changes in turbidity as a function of temperature. 

Sequencing studies have also been conducted on the following olefin copolymers ethylene terephthalate [69-72], ethylene-a-olefin [73], ethylene-a-methylstyrene [74], ethylene-decene-1 [75], ethylene-butene [33], ethylene-propylene diene [76], miscellaneous ethylene copolymers [49] and ethylene-acrylonitrile [77]. 

The use of TAG as a curing agent continues to grow for polyolefins and olefin copolymer plastics and mbbers. Examples include polyethylene (109), chlorosulfonated polyethylene (110), polypropylene (111), ethylene—vinyl acetate (112), ethylene—propylene copolymer (113), acrylonitrile copolymers (114), and methylstyrene polymers (115). In ethylene—propylene copolymer mbber compositions. TAG has been used for injection molding of fenders (116). Unsaturated elastomers, such as EPDM, cross link with TAG by hydrogen abstraction and addition to double bonds in the presence of peroxyketal catalysts (117) (see Elastol rs, synthetic). 

ATBN - amine terminated nitrile rubber X - Flory Huggins interaction parameter CPE - carboxylated polyethylene d - width at half height of the copolymer profile given by Kuhn statistical segment length DMAE - dimethyl amino ethanol r - interfacial tension reduction d - particle size reduction DSC - differential scanning calorimetry EMA - ethylene methyl acrylate copolymer ENR - epoxidized natural rubber EOR - ethylene olefin rubber EPDM - ethylene propylene diene monomer EPM - ethylene propylene monomer rubber EPR - ethylene propylene rubber EPR-g-SA - succinic anhydride grafted ethylene propylene rubber... 

E-plastomers, based on ethylene and its copolymers with alpha olefins such as propylene or octene, combine the desirable attributes of processibUity, economy, and resistance to environmental degradation [20]. These properties, in conjunction with excellent elastomeric attributes such as... 

The isoprene units in the copolymer impart the ability to crosslink the product. Polystyrene is far too rigid to be used as an elastomer but styrene copolymers with 1,3-butadiene (SBR rubber) are quite flexible and rubbery. Polyethylene is a crystalline plastic while ethylene-propylene copolymers and terpolymers of ethylene, propylene and diene (e.g., dicyclopentadiene, hexa-1,4-diene, 2-ethylidenenorborn-5-ene) are elastomers (EPR and EPDM rubbers). Nitrile or NBR rubber is a copolymer of acrylonitrile and 1,3-butadiene. Vinylidene fluoride-chlorotrifluoroethylene and olefin-acrylic ester copolymers and 1,3-butadiene-styrene-vinyl pyridine terpolymer are examples of specialty elastomers. 

The first free radical initiated copolymerization was described by Brubakerl) in a patent. A variety of peroxides and hydroperoxides, as well as, 02, were used as initiators. Olefins that were copolymerized with CO included ethylene, propylene, butadiene, CH2=CHX (X—Cl, OAc, CN) and tetrafluoroethylene. A similar procedure was also used to form terpolymers which incorporated CO, C2H4 and a second olefin such as propylene, isobutylene, butadiene, vinyl acetate, tetrafluoroethylene and diethyl maleate. In a subsequent paper, Brubaker 2), Coffman and Hoehn described in detail their procedure for the free radical initiated copolymerization of CO and C2H4. Di(tert-butyl)peroxide was the typical initiator. Combined gas pressures of up to 103 MPa (= 15,000 psi) and reaction temperatures of 120—165 °C were employed. Copolymers of molecular weight up to 8000 were obtained. The percentage of CO present in the C2H4—CO copolymer was dependent on several factors which included reaction temperature, pressure and composition of reaction mixture. Close to 50 mol % incorporation of CO in the copolymer may be achieved by using a monomer mixture that is >70 mol% CO. Other related procedures for the free radical... 

Solid-Catalyzed Olefin Polymerization. A third area where extremely challenging polymerization reaction engineering problems arise is in transition-metal catalyzed polymerization of olefins such as ethylene, propylene and their copolymers. 

Olefin copolymerisations, especially those of ethylene with propylene and/or another a-olefin, lead to copolymers that are of great practical importance the total production volume of such olefin copolymers is comparable with that of olefin homopolymers [30]. 

Preferred olefins in the polymerisation are one or more of ethylene, propylene, 1-butene, 2-butene, 1-hexene, 1-octene, 1-pentene, 1-tetradecene, norbornene and cyclopentene, with ethylene, propylene and cyclopentene. Other monomers that may be used with these catalysts (when it is a Pd(II) complex) to form copolymers with olefins and selected cycloolefins are carbon monoxide (CO) and vinyl ketones of the general formula H2C=CHC(0)R. Carbon monoxide forms alternating copolymers with the various olefins and cycloolefins. 

Another contrarian, DSM in the Netherlands, had been a state-owned company before it became privatized, a process that began in 1989 and was completed in 1996. From its past it had inherited positions in fertilizers, industrial chemicals, and such intermediates as melamine and caprolactam as well as polyolefins, with access to basic olefins through its own crackers in Geleen, Netherlands. In 1997 DSM acquired the polyethylene and polypropylene operations of FIuls (VEBA) with the Gelsenkirchen site. The company had also diversified into elastomers, having purchased in the United States the Copolymer Rubber and Chemical Corporation, which contributed to DSM s expansion into the fields of ethylene propylene, styrene butadiene, and nitrile rubbers. DSM is also a supplier of industrial resins and engineering... 

Applications of ethylene-propylene copolymers and terpolymers include automotive (the major use area), thermoplastic olefin elastomers, single-ply roofing, viscosity index improvers for lube oils, wire and cable insulation, hose, appliance parts, and polymer modification. 

Thermoplastic Olefin. These thermoplastic elastomers are primarily blends, or block or graft copolymers, of ethylene/propylene rubber with polypropylene. 

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