Pollution source

Sources of pollution vary from smaU-scale businesses, such as dry cleaners and gas stations, to very large-scale operations, such as power plants and petrochemical facilities. The effluent streams of industry are particularly noticeable because of their large volumes [1]. Sources include both point-source and non-point-source pollution. Point-source pollution can be traced directly to single outlet points, such as a pipe releasing into a waterway. Non-point-source pollutants, on the other hand, such as agricultural run-off, cannot be traced to a single definite source. The emissions from both span a wide range of gas, liquid, and solid compounds. 

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ALUMDIUMCOMPOUNDS - ALUMINIUMOXIDE(ALUMINA) - CALCINED, TABULAR, AND ALUMINATE CETffiNTS] (Vol 2) -air pollutant source [ATMOSPITERIC MODELING] (Vol 3)... 

By far the largest proportion of gas sampling operations in industry is carried out for environmental reasons and the sampling methods employed have been thoroughly researched and are well documented (5—12). The preparation, precautions and equipment requirements involved in the sampling of air pollution sources are appHcable to most other gaseous environments (see Airpollution control methods). 

Provide a list of all air pollution control devices and identify point and fugitive emission air pollution sources. 

The reliance of modem people on industry to produce their needs has resulted in transfer of the pollution sources from the individual to industry. A soap factory will probably not emit as much pollution as did the sum total of all the home soap-cooking kettles it replaces, but the factory is a source that all soap consumers can point to and demand that it be cleaned up. 

Another type of utility that is a serious air pollution source is the one that handles the wastes of modem society. An overloaded, poorly designed... 

Injury to plants and vegetation is caused by a variety of factors, of which air pollution is only one. Drought, too much water, heat and cold, hail, insects, animals, disease, and poor soil conditions are some of the other causes of plant injury and possible plant damage (3). Estimates suggest that less than 5% of total crop losses are related to air pollution. Air pollution has a much greater impact on some geographic areas and crops than others. Crop failure can be caused by fumigation from a local air pollution source or by more widespread and more frequent exposure to adverse levels of pollution. 

If air movement past a continuous pollutant source is slow, pollutant concentrations in the plume moving downwind will be much higher than they would be if the air were moving rapidly past the source. If polluted air continues to have pollution added to it, the concentration will increase. Generally, a source emits into different volumes of air over time. However,... 

The most widespread and persistent urban pollution problem is ozone. The causes of this and the lesser problem of CO and PMjq pollution in our urban areas are largely due to the diversity and number of urban air pollution sources. One component of urban smog, hydrocarbons, comes from automobile emissions, petroleum refineries, chemical plants, dry cleaners, gasoline stations, house painting, and printing shops. Another key component, nitrogen oxides, comes from the combustion of fuel for transportation, utilities, and industries. 

The pollutants, source categories, and affected facilities for which the United States has established New Source Performance Standards are listed in Table 25-1. Certain categories listed in Table 25-1 are subject to U.S. Prevention of Significant Deterioration (of air quality) (PSD) review if their emission potential of a regulated pollutant exceeds 100 tons per year. In... 

Discuss the application of the prototype testing-replicate approval approach to stationary air pollution sources. 

The application of control technology to air pollution problems assumes that a source can be reduced to a predetermined level to meet a regulation or some unknown minimum value. Control technology carmot be applied to an uncontrollable source, such as a volcano, nor can it be expected to control a source completely to reduce emissions to zero. The cost of controlling any given air pollution source is usually an exponential function of the percentage of control and therefore becomes an important consideration in the level of control required (1). Figure 28-1 shows a typical cost curve for control equipment. 

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