Source categories

The sources of radiation in reactor systems during normal operation and decommissioning and the ways in which they arise are described in Annex 11 of this Safety Guide. 

The sources described in Annex 11 may be grouped into five categories that affect potential exposure in different ways, and which should thus be taken into account in different ways in the design. In general terms, these are  

In some cases, one type of source may belong to more than one category. 

The major source of radiation in an operational plant is the reactor core and the surrounding materials that are activated by neutrons that escape from the core. 

The primary sources of radiation should be determined by using the procedures discussed in the references indicated in Annex II, Refe [II-2-II-4]. 

---

Part 403 general pretreatment regulations for existing and new sources of pollution Part 411 cement manufacturing point source category Part 413 electroplating point source category... 

Part 415 inorganic chemicals manufacturing point source category... 

Hazardous Air Pollutants. Tide 3 of the CAAA of 1990 addresses the release of hazardous air poUutants (HAPs) by requiring both the identification of major stationary sources and area source categories for 189 toxic chemicals and the promulgation of control standards. Major sources of air toxics, also referred to as HAPs, include any stationary source or group of sources emitting 10 or more tons/yr of any single Hsted toxic chemical or 25 tons/yr of a combination of any Hsted toxic. Area sources of HAPs include smaller plants that emit less than the 10 or 20 tons/yr thresholds. The major sources of HAPs are typically industrial faciHties. However, Tide 3 requites the EPA to study potential health affects associated with emissions of HAPs from electric UtiHty boilers (11). 

Development Documentfor Effluent Eimitations Guidelines and Standards for the Inorganic Chemicals Manufacturing, Point Source Category (proposed), EPA Pubhcation 440/1-79/007, Washington, D.C., June 1990. 

Analysis of Clean Water Act Effluent Guidelines Pollutants. Summary of the Chemicals Regulated by Industrial Point Source Category U.S. EPA, Washiagton, D.C., 40 CFR Parts 400-475, 1991. 

TABLE 25-2 Source Categories for Which New Source Performance Standards Have Been Set as of 1991... 

TABLE 25-10 1993 National Emissions by Source Category in short tons xIOOO... 

Source category Particulate (PM-10) Sulfur dioxide Nitrogen oxides Volatile organic compounds Carbon monoxide... 

List of Pollutants and Source Categories The law lists 189 hazardous air pollutants. One year after enactment EPA lists source categories (industries) which emit one or more of the 189 pollutants. In two years, EPA must publish a schedule for regulation of the listed source categories. 

The pollutants, source categories, and affected facilities for which the United States has established New Source Performance Standards are listed in Table 25-1. Certain categories listed in Table 25-1 are subject to U.S. Prevention of Significant Deterioration (of air quality) (PSD) review if their emission potential of a regulated pollutant exceeds 100 tons per year. In... 

Source category in sequence of promulgation) Affected facility Particulate matter Opacity SO2 H2S CO TRS VOC Pb Total F... 

In computing the potential for emission of a new source or source complex, it is necessary to consider two other source categories, "fugitive" and... 

Direct the EPA to list source categories of major sources and area sources. 

Select one source category and affected facility from Table 25-1 and determine the detailed performance standards for the pollutants regulated. 

On a present basis, an agency s staff can be used to investigate and bring under control selected source categories, selected geographic areas, or both. The selection is done, not on the basis of the number or intensity of com-... 

EPA Federal Register, National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Source Categories Aerospace Manufacturing and Rework Facilites 60, 170 p. 45947, 1995. 

The law includes a list of 189 toxic air pollutants of which emissions must be reduced. The list of source categories includes (1) major sources emitting 10 tons/year of any one, or 25 tons/year of any combination of those pollutants and (2) area sources (smaller sources, such as dry cleaners). 

Fires caused by molten metal released from a ruptured furnace or by molten metal spilled during liandling are included in tliis ignition source category. 

National sulfur dioxide emissions by source category, 1997. Electric utilities account for almost two-thirds of SO2 emissions, even after initial implementation of the CAAA of 1990. Total SO2 emissions for 1997 were 18.5 million metric tons. 

EPA. 1983a. Effluent guidelines and standards. Steam electric power generating point source category. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Code of Federal Regulations. 40 CFR 423. 

---