Nonpoint source pollution

P. S. C. Rao andj. M. Davidson, in M. R. Overcash andj. M. Davison, eds.. Environmental Impact of Nonpoint Source Pollution, Ann Arbor Science Pubhsher, Ann Arbor, Mich., 1980, pp. 23—67. 

R. E. Smith, Opus An Integrated Simulation Modelfor Transport of Nonpoint-Source Pollutants at the Field Scale, Vol. I, Documentation, USDA ARS-98, U.S. Dept, of Agriculture, Washington, D.C., 1992. 

Borah DK, Bera M (2004) Watershed scale hydrologic and nonpoint source pollution models review of applications. Trans ASAE 47(3) 789-803... 

Marsh JM. 1993. Assessment of nonpoint source pollution in stormwater runoff in Louisville, (Jefferson County) Kentucky, USA. Arch Environ Contain Toxicol 25 446-455. 

Rao PSC, Davidson JM (1980) In Overcash MR, Davidson JM (eds) Environmental impact of nonpoint source pollution. Ann Arbor Science Publishers, Ann Arbor, MI, pp 23... 

Deposited by countless private citizens, moreover, lawn care toxins have also proven far more difficult to measure and far more resistant to traditional techniques of pollution control. The political momentum for water quality regulation lags far behind this changing land-use reality. The shift in the last few years to decentralized decision-making that allowed for the implementation of the Clean Water Act, for example, has not come to terms with this change. In this case, the Clean Water Act mandates the creation of total maximum daily load (TMDL) criteria, standards for cleaning up nonpoint sources such as farms, suburban developments, and other nonindustrial sites. These standards are drawn up by water quality management committees. 

Olson RK, ed. 1992. The role of created and natural wetlands in controlling nonpoint source pollution. Ecological Engineering 1 1-170. 

Rao, P.S.C. and Davidson, J.M. Estimation of pesticide retention and transformation parameters required in nonpoint source pollution models, in Environmental Impact of Nonpoint Source Pollution, Overcash. M.R. and Davidson, J.M., Eds. (Ann Arbor. MI Ann Arbor Science Publishers. 1980), pp. 23-67. 

Water pollution results from a number of sources including agricultural runoff, erosion, industrial wastes, domestic wastes, and road runoff. Water pollution can be classified as either point source or nonpoint source. Point source pollution is emitted from a specific, well-defined location such as a pipe. Nonpoint sources refer to pollutants dispersed over a wide area from many different areas. A sewer pipe would be an example of a point source and fertilizer runoff from a field would represent nonpoint source pollution. 

Nonpoint Source Pollution pollution that does not originate from one specific location, such as a sewer pipe, but comes from multiple locations spread over a wide area, for example, runoff from city streets Nonrenewable Resource a resource in fixed supply or one that it is replenished at a rate so slow that it is exhausted before it is replenished, for example, oil Normal Alkane an alkane in which all the carbon atoms in the molecule are attached in a continuous chain... 

In industrialized countries, the sources of water pollution may be divided into point and nonpoint sources. Point sources have a well-defined origin, such as the outlet from a plant or from a municipal sewer line. Nonpoint sources lack any well-defined point of origin. 

Although both types of pollution sources present a serious problem, point sources can be controlled, at least in principle. Nonpoint sources, however, are difficult to control. Sources and types of nonpoint pollution in impacted rivers and lakes in the United States include agriculture, land disposal, construction, hydromodification, urban runoff, and silviculture, resource extraction. The pollutants in these sources include sediment, nutrients, toxins, pesticides, salinity, and acidity (Institute, 1988). Looking at these lists, one can easily deduce that solvents play roles in the pollution of water. 

Point sources are mainly responsible for the pollution of surface waters (rivers, lakes, seas), whereas nonpoint sources mainly contribute to the pollution of groundwater resources. Moreover, releases from point sources can be treated by wastewater treatment plants, whereas nonpoint source releases can only be minimized. 

Diazinon is released into water directly from point source discharges, from drift during pesticide applications, and from nonpoint source runoff from agricultural and urban areas. Since diazinon is not a Priority Pollutant under the Clean Water Act, it has not been evaluated extensively in water quality... 

Most agriculturally based pollutants probably return to the environment at points that are difficult to identify and are called nonpoint source emissions. Pesticides leave farms as runoff or leach through the soil. Isolating and treating them is not often possible. While techniques such as ditching and basins are being adopted, the problem of treatment in the dilute state in which pollutants will be isolated is a serious concern. 

Pollutants derived from nonpoint sources run-off from agricultural lands (fertilizers, pesticides, humic materials), run-off from urban areas (salt, poly aromatic hydrocarbons [PAHs], asbestos), atmospheric fallout (particulates containing sulfate, nitrate, heavy metals, PAHs, and chlorinated organics). 

What is the difference between a point source of pollution and a nonpoint source ... 

Nonpoint source A pollution source in which the pollutants originate at different and often nonspecific locations. 

His 40+ publications have dealt with biogeochemical processes that control the alkalinity of surface waters, the geochemisty of dilute seepage lakes, sediment chemistry, the interpretation of water-quality trends, regional analysis of water quality, modeling lake eutrophication, lake management, reservoir water quality, and nonpoint source pollution. He recently joined the faculty of the Department of Civil Engineering at Arizona State University. 

Eutrophication. Thus far N has been discussed in terms of its prominence as an acidic anion (i.e., as N03 ). As in terrestrial ecosystems, inorganic forms of N also act as nutrients in aquatic systems, and a possible consequence of chronic N loss from watersheds is the fertilization of lakes and streams. Establishing a link between N deposition and the eutrophication of aquatic systems depends on a determination that the productivity of the system is limited by N availability and that N deposition is a major source of N to the system. In many cases the supply of N from deposition is minor when compared to other anthropogenic sources, such as pollution from either point or nonpoint sources. 

Historical data are available from 19 large streams (third and fourth order) in the Catskill Mountains, some of which have been monitored since early in this century (79, 97). Trend analyses indicate that N03 concentrations have increased in all of the streams (Table V), with most of the increase occurring in the past 2 decades (97,127). These increases are not attributable to watershed anthropogenic sources of N (i.e., point and nonpoint sources of pollution) and are similar to trends observed in eight headwater streams monitored in the 1980s as part of the U.S. EPA LTM project (Table V) (97, 127, 158). 

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