Chemical syntheses, source pollution

Adapted with permission from Farrington JW and McDowell JE (1994) Toxic chemicals in Buzzards Bay Sources, fates, and effects. In Costa JE, Gibson V and Pedersen JM (eds) A Synthesis of Pollutant Inputs to Buzzards Bay. Buzzards Bay Project Technical Report Series BBP94-30, 18 October 1994. Marion, MA, USA. 

Environmentally Benign Chemical Synthesis and Processing Research on Pollution Prevention at its Source [NSF 92-13] National Science Foundation Washington, DC, 1992. 

Drabel, J., Bachmann, F. (1983) Proinsecticides structure-activity relationships in carbamoylsulfenyl N-methylcarbamates. In Synthesis and Structure-Activity Relationships. Doyle, P., Fujita, T., Eds., pp. 211-211, Pergamon Press, Oxford, England. Eadie, B.J., Robbins, J.A. (1987) 11. The role of particulate matter in the movement of contaminants in the Great Lakes. In Sources and Fates of Aquatic Pollutants. Hites, R.A., Eisenreich, S J., Editors, pp. 318-364, Advances Chemistry Series 216, American Chemical Society, Washington DC. 

Ammonium sulfate (AS) is produced from many sources. The first commercial synthesis started around the time of World War I. Since then direct synthesis from ammonia and sulfuric acid has become a major production route. Ammonium sulfate is generated from several chemical processes. The nitrogen or sulfur values are recovered either to avoid pollution problems or to obtain a commercial return for these elements241. The basic chemical reaction is ... 

Federal, state, and municipal laws mandate that industries reclaim most pollutants, such as heavy metals or organic chemicals, from wastewater. Prior to this legislation, toxic chemicals often made their way into the water table. Reclaiming toxic substances protects the environment and, in many cases, provides a valuable source of materials needed for synthesis. In many cases, industries are located near other manufacturing plants that pass their waste to another plant, which uses it as a raw material. 

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