Pollution sources testing

Source Testing Manual, No. 434, Los Angeles Air Pollution Control District, Los Angeles, Calif., 1963. 

Discuss the application of the prototype testing-replicate approval approach to stationary air pollution sources. 

The wavelength-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy method (ASTM D6376) provides a rapid means of measuring metallic elements in coke and provides a guide for determining conformance to material specifications. A benefit of this method is that the sulfur content can also be used to evaluate potential formation of sulfur oxides, a source of atmospheric pollution. This test method specifically determines sodium, aluminum, silicon, sulfur, calcium, titanium, vanadium, manganese, iron, and nickel. 

MARK V University of Washington Source Test Cascade Impactor Pollution Control Systems Corporation, Renton, Washington. 

R-3. Cooper and Rossano, Source Testing for Air Pollution Control, Environmental Science Services, Wilton, Connecticut, 1970. 

At Pennsylvania State University, breeding for resistance to ozone and S02 in scotch pine is underway. Resistance seems to be genetic. Selections for resistance were made initially in a fumigation nursery and will be tested further in stands planted near pollutant sources. Crosses are being made for genetic studies as well as for selection for resistance and for favorable ornamental traits of crown form, branching habit, and needle color (15). 

Apart from the 1-sample case, natural pollution gradients, for example, in a stream below a point pollution source or in whole effluent toxicity (WET) testing,... 

Sampling and measurement of this class requires dynamic sampling equipment since this class of air pollutants represents particles and droplets too small to fall out of their own accord. Work has to be done on the gas to force it through the recovery or analytical equipment to capture the suspended matter. The analysis can be a source test for which a stack or waste vent is sampled directly, or it can be an ambient air survey, where the general condition of the outside air is determined. 

Use of chemometric approaches for robustness testing of SEP, for finding relationships between soil metal fractions and plant uptake, and for characterization of pollution sources on the basis of fractionation data... 

Source testing involves making "official" pollution emission measurements used either to determine permit levels or to determine compliance with an air permit. Often an outside, third-party company specializing in making these measurements is hired. These companies... 

Saarela K., Clausen G, Pejtersen J., Tirkkonen T, Tahtinen M. and Dickson D. (1996) European data base on indoor air pollution sources in buildings principles of the protocol for testing of building materials. Proceedings of Indoor Air 96, Nagoya, Japan, Vol. 3, 83-88. 

In April of 1970 a source test of the 600-foot stack was carried out by the Bay Area Air Pollution Control District (I). The results which were given in Ibs/day are presented in Table II normalized to As to make meaningful comparisons with the diurnal data of this experiment. The qualitative agreement between stack and ambient air data further implicates the smelter as the source of the episodes on these three days. 

Certification that stormwater discharges have been tested for the presence of non-stormwater pollution sources. 

Some radionuclides found in water, primarily radium and potassium-40, originate from natural sources, particularly leaching from minerals. Others come from pollutant sources, primarily nuclear power plants and testing of nuclear weapons. The levels of radionuclides found in water typically are measured in units of picocuries/liter, where a curie is 3.7 x 10 disintegrations per second, and a picocurie is 1 x 10 that amount, or 3.7 x 10 disintegrations per second. (2.2 disintegrations per minute). 

Particulates Procedures for testing a particulate source are more detailed than those used for sampling gases. Because particulates exhibit inertial effects and are not uniformly distributed within a stack, sampling to obtain a representative sample is more complex than for gaseous pollutants. EPA Method 5 (as shown in Fig. 25-32) is the most widely used procedure for determination of particulate emissions from a stationary source. In-stack samphng guidehnes are presented in EPA Method 17. 

---