Resins, pollution source

A primary source of environmental pollution from printing ink comes from the metal-based pigments used, as well as various resins, waxes, and drying agents that are also part of the inks. These materials are added to inks regardless of the source of the oil. As a result, petroleum inks are just as suitable for landfill disposal under U.S. EPA regulations as are vegetable oil inks. 

Gaseous and particulate pollutants are withdrawn isoldnetically from an emission source and collected in a multicomponent sampling train. Principal components of the train include a high-efficiency glass- or quartz-fiber filter and a packed bed of porous polymeric adsorbent resin (typically XAD-2 or polyurethane foam for PCBs). The filter is used to collect organic-laden particulate materials and the porous polymeric resin to adsorb semivolatile organic species (com-... 

Occupational and environmental exposure to chemicals can take place both indoors and outdoors. Occupational exposure is caused by the chemicals that are used and produced indoors in industrial plants, whereas nonoccupa-tional (and occupational nonindustrial) indoor exposure is mainly caused by products. Toluene in printing plants and styrene in the reinforced plastic industry are typical examples of the two types of industrial occupational exposures. Products containing styrene polymers may release the styrene monomer into indoor air in the nonindustrial environment for a long time. Formaldehyde is another typical indoor pollutant. The source of formaldehyde is the resins used in the production process. During accidents, occupational and environmental exposures may occur simultaneously. Years ago, dioxin was formed as a byproduct of production of phenoxy acid herbicides. An explosion in a factory in... 

The unique appearance of an infrared spectrum has resulted in the extensive use of infrared spectrometry to characterize such materials as natural products, polymers, detergents, lubricants, fats and resins. It is of particular value to the petroleum and polymer industries, to drug manufacturers and to producers of organic chemicals. Quantitative applications include the quality control of additives in fuel and lubricant blends and to assess the extent of chemical changes in various products due to ageing and use. Non-dispersive infrared analysers are used to monitor gas streams in industrial processes and atmospheric pollution. The instruments are generally portable and robust, consisting only of a radiation source, reference and sample cells and a detector filled with the gas which is to be monitored. 

Sulfite paper has a relatively short life span, since residual acid will continue to hydrolyze the cellulose and cause embrittlement. Further sources of acid include aluminum sulfate (which is added together with resin to suppress bleeding or feathering of ink into the paper) and S02 and NO from the atmosphere. Much of the world s library collections and archives will soon be lost as the paper crumbles. Various deacidification treatments (e.g., with ammonia, morpholine, cyclohexylamine carbamate, or diethyl-zinc) have been proposed and tried, but at best they can only halt the process of embrittlement and cannot reverse it.14 With the move to kraft pulping, alkaline peroxide bleaching, and increasing use of precipitated calcium carbonate as a filler, the high quality papers produced today are intrinsically acid free and should also resist subsequent acidification by S02-polluted air fairly well. 

Can be released as point source pollution during production, distribution and incorporation into PVC resin. Additionally, it may be released from manufactured products containing this material during the active life cycle of the products and/or upon disposal of the products. 

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