Detergent, pollution source

The unique appearance of an infrared spectrum has resulted in the extensive use of infrared spectrometry to characterize such materials as natural products, polymers, detergents, lubricants, fats and resins. It is of particular value to the petroleum and polymer industries, to drug manufacturers and to producers of organic chemicals. Quantitative applications include the quality control of additives in fuel and lubricant blends and to assess the extent of chemical changes in various products due to ageing and use. Non-dispersive infrared analysers are used to monitor gas streams in industrial processes and atmospheric pollution. The instruments are generally portable and robust, consisting only of a radiation source, reference and sample cells and a detector filled with the gas which is to be monitored. 

Detergents may pollute our sources of potable water, say expert, The Philippine Star, May 9, 2000. 

The sources and characteristics of wastewater streams from the various subcategories in soap and detergent manufacturing, as well as some of the possibilities for recycling and treatment, have been discussed in Section 7.4. The pollution control and treatment methods and unit processes used are discussed in more detail in the following sections. The details of the process design criteria for these unit treatment processes can be found in any design handbooks. 

Pollutants from point sources domestic sewage (detergents), industrial effluents (synthetic organics, metal cyanides, metals, caustic chemicals), landfill waste disposal (metallic ions, chloride, nitrate, nitrite, sulfate, and synthetic organics). 

Domestic and municipal wastes, both from sewage and from disposal of chemicals, are another major source of chemical pollutants. At the turn of the twentieth century, municipal wastes received no treatment and were discharged directly into rivers or oceans. Even today, many older treatment plants do not provide sufficient treatment, especially plants in which both storm water and sewage are combined. In addition to organic matter, pesticides, fertilizers, detergents, and metals are significant pollutants discharged from urban areas. 

The general environmental situation in the coastal regions of the Black Sea is very complicated and is close to critical [3]. The recent decades have witnessed growing pollution of waters with total phosphorus and nitrogen (Danube seaside), petroleum products (nearby Sebastopol and the Georgian coast), detergents and phenols (the southern coast of Crimea), phenols and pesticides (Odessa coast). Here the quality of coastal waters is determined not so much by the source of the pollutants and the width of the continental shelf, but by the nature and intensity of currents in the particular regions. 

The use of sewage sludge as fertilizer on agricultural land is another source of pollution. Heavy metals, nitrates, phosphates, and detergents are all added to soil in this way. 

The Water Pollution Control Laboratories have undertaken a research programme to control industrial pollution in an industrialized area. Priority has been given to edible-oil refineri, soap and detergent factories, being major sources of water pollution [ 1 1. 

Water can be polluted by organic and inorganic chemicals. Domestic and industrial pesticides are a major source of chemical pollution, as are detergents. Many of these substances are slow to degrade and may be concentrated in the food chain with disastrous consequences for fish and bird life. 

In Asia, surface water eutrophication also is greatly enhanced by phosphorus from detergents and this source of pollution is still of importance in many countries. 

N metabolism proteases gelatinase caseinase nitrate reductase protein (animals, plants) NO3 in water as N source detergents, beer additives, drugs, cosmetics, pollution control, use of waste material none... 

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