Regulations, air pollution

Recent air pollution regulations limit the amount of volatile organic carbon (VOC) that can be discharged from wastewater treatment plants. Benzene is a particular case in which air emission controls are required if the concentration of benzene in the influent wastewater exceeds 10 mg/L. 

The agricultural and forest products industries are dependent on renewable resources for their existence. They are also acutely aware that air pollution can damage vegetation and, therefore, threaten their existence. Both industries have been exempt from many air pollution regulations in the past, but now they are finding these exemptions questioned and in some cases withdrawn (15). 

The preparation of soils for crops, planting, and tilling raises dust as a fugitive emission. Such operations are shll exempt from air pollution regulations in most parts of the world. The application of fertilizers, pesticides, and herbicides is also exempt from air pollution regulations, but other regulations may cover the drift of these materials or runoff into surface waters. This is particularly true of the materials are hazardous or toxic. 

Cyclones are designed for marry applications. Cyclones themselves are generally not adequate to meet stringent air pollution regulations, but they serve an important purpose as precleaners for more expensive final control devices such as fabric... 

Criteria Air Pollutant a group of very common air pollutants regulated by EPA on the basis of criteria, and for which a National Ambient Air Quality Standard is established (SOj, NOj, PM,q, Pb, CO, O3). 

Ethene and propene are produced as bulk feedstocks for the chemical (polymer) industry and therefore their purities are important parameters. In particular, H2S and COS are compounds which may not only cause corrosion problems in processing equipment, but also may have detrimental effects on the catalysts in use. Eurthermore, air pollution regulations issued by, among others, the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) require that most of the sulfur gases should be removed in order to minimize Sulfur emissions into the atmosphere. Therefore, these compounds have to be determined to the ppb level. 

The primary need for gas-solid separation processes is for gas cleaning the removal of dispersed finely divided solids (dust) and liquid mists from gas streams. Process gas streams must often be cleaned up to prevent contamination of catalysts or products, and to avoid damage to equipment, such as compressors. Also, effluent gas streams must be cleaned to comply with air-pollution regulations and for reasons of hygiene, to remove toxic and other hazardous materials see IChemE (1992). 

P7 Epidemiological studies indicate increases in human mortality and morbidity due to exposure to airborne fine particulate matter (I). This has led to the promulgation of stringent new air pollution regulations... 

Hazardous Air Pollutant, Regulations based on designation as Class I ozone-depleting substance... 

Since both H2S and CO2 are acidic, they tend to come out together as mixed "acid gas" when the gas is washed to extract H2S. Various other compounds, including COS, may be extracted at the same time. Extraction of acid gas may not be needed if the treated gas is to be used only as fuel it may be sufficient to treat the raw gas by the Stretford process, converting H2S directly to sulfur. Such treatment removes virtually all H2S but leaves COS in the fuel gas, which may be unacceptable if air pollution regulations require more than about 95 percent removal of total sulfur. 

Air pollution regulations can be implemented and enforced by local, state, federal, and international levels of government. Which one of these four levels should be granted the greatest authority For each level, list the reasons why it should be granted the greatest authority. 

Table 2 Air pollutants regulated by the National Ambient Air Quality Standards as of October 2011 [12]...

The toxic air pollution regulations in the 1990 amendments contain requirements expressly for hazardous waste emissions. The CAA established the National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAPs), which applies to those substances that are harmful to public health. A list of 188 substances has been developed that the USEPA must regulate under the CAA. Similar to nonhazardous pollutants, a source is designated as major if it discharges over 10 tons per year of any one of the 188 listed substances, or over 25 tons per year of any combination of substances. All other stationary sources of hazardous air pollutants are considered area sources. 

Estimating the Public Health Benefits of Proposed Air Pollution Regulations (2002)... 

A new air pollution regulation requires that the total particulate concentration be kept below 70+5 mg m3. 

Transportation A student-driven, chemistry-based research project focused on campus transportation issues including estimations of carbon dioxide and smog-related pollutants resulting from campus activities. The project related directly to the course discussions of global warming, smog, local air quality, and air pollution regulations framed by basic chemical concepts such as chemical composition of the atmosphere, basic chemical reactions (e.g., combustion processes and photochemical reactions), stoichiometry of... 

It has been suggested that the gas be disposed of by burning with an excess of air. The gaseous combustion products are then emitted to the air through a smokestack. The local air pollution regulations say that no stack gas is to analyze more than 2 percent SCfc by an Orsat analysis averaged over a 24-hr period. Calculate the minimum percent excess air that must be used to stay within this regulation. 

Gray, Wayne and Mary Deily (1996) Compliance and enforcement Air Pollution regulation in the US Steel Industry, Journal of Environmental economics and management 31(1) 97-111. 

A portland cement plant ball mill emits particulate matter (PM) emissions that must be controlled to meet state air pollution regulations. Three PM control devices, each of which can control these emissions to the same level, are being evaluated (1) a high-energy wet scrubber (scrubber), (2) an electrostatic precipitator (ESP), and (3) a fabric filter (baghouse). Unlike the wet scrubber, the ESP and the baghouse each recover salable cement dust, and, accordingly, revenue can be attributed to those two options. Two scenarios are visualized, with after-tax hurdle rates of 6% and 18%, respectively. The economic specifications for the three devices are as follows ... 

Ohio EPA. 2001. Toxic release inventory rules Air pollution regulations. Division of Air Pollution Control, Ohio Environmental Protection Agency. Http //www.er)a.state.oh.us/cgi-bin/htsearch. January 19, 2001. 

Liroff, R. A. Reforming Air Pollution Regulation The Toil and Trouble of ERA S Bubble, The Conservation Foundation, Washington, DC, 1986. 

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