Pollution sources indoor

Sparks, L.E., Tichenor, B.A., Chang, J. and Guo, Z. (1996) Gas-phase mass transfer model for predicting volatile organic compound (VOC) emission rates from indoor pollutant sources. Indoor Air, 6, 31 40. 

Tichenor B.A., Guo Z. and Sparks L.E. (1993) Fundamental Mass Transfer Models for Indoor Air Pollution Sources. Indoor Air, 3, 263-268. 

Qian Z, He Q, Kong L, Xu F, Wei F, Chapman RS, Chen W, Edwmds RD, Bascom R (2007) Respiratory responses to diverse indoor combustion air pollution sources. Indoor Air 17 135-142 Raukas-Kivioja A, Raukas ES, Meren M, Ldt HM, Ronmark E, Lundback B (2007) AUeigic sensitization to common airborne aUeigens among adults in Estonia. Int Arch AUeigy Immunol 142 247-254... 

Meininghaus, R., Schauenburg, H. and Knoppel, H. (1998) A new device for the simulation of indoor air pollution sources. Environmental Science and Technology, 32, 1861-3. 

Figure 7.1 Air pollutants from different sources indoors and outdoors affect automobile inside air composition.

Indoor Air Pollution Sources in Buildings, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark, VTT-Chemical Technology,... 

Indoor air quality models that include chemistry and all other important source and loss mechanisms have been developed by a variety of authors (Nazaroff and Cass, 1986 Weschler, Shields and Naik, 1989). These models can be used to determine if a relevant change is likely to occur, by balancing pollutant source rates with removal rates to arrive at a predicted indoor concentration. The key components are shown here for a steady-state, well-mixed mass-conservation model of a building ... 

Heaters that are not vented to the exterior have the potential to act as indoor pollutant sources, especially gas heaters. While emissions of carbon monoxide and nitrogen dioxide have received investigation for more than a decade, it has been found that low-NOx unflued gas heaters can act as sources of formaldehyde to indoor air (Brown, Mahoney and Cheng, 2004). Table 16.10 summarizes volatile organic emissions from an unflued gas heater (A) where it was apparent... 

This method assumes that the indoor-to-outdoor pollutant ratio depends on indoor and outdoor pollutant sources as well as the ventilation rates of the source and the sink, as shown in the following equation [79] ... 

Concentration of particles in the air as well as particle size distributions can be considered either in terms of particle number or mass. In terms of number, the vast majority of airborne particles are in the ultrafine range. For example, in urban outdoor air where motor vehicle emissions are a dominant pollution source, over 80% of particulate matter in terms of number is in the ultrafine range [17]. Since outdoor particles contribute significantly to indoor particle concentrations, also in indoor air particle number concentration is usually dominated by the smallest particles. However, most of the mass of airborne particles is associated with large particles since the mass of ultrafine particles is often very small in comparison with the mass of larger particles. The particle surface area in turn is largest for particles somewhat above the ultrafine size range. 

Keywords Indoor air Pollution sources Sensory evaluation... 

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