Palm seed oil

Chemical Designations - Synonyms American palm kernel oil Aouara oil Palm seed oil Chemical Formula Not applicable. 

Oxyphenic Acid Oxytoluenes Paint Drier Palm Butter Palm Fruit Oil Palm Seed Oil PAN PAPI Paradi... 

OILS, EDIBLE TUCUM American palm kernel oil, Aouara oil, Palm seed oil NL 0 1 0 ... 

Fractionated palm seed oil (medium-chain triglyceride)... 

Sheep and goat milk, palm seed oils, sperm head oil... 

Fractionated triglyceride of coconut oil (medium-chain triglyceride) Fractionated triglyceride of palm seed oil (medium-chain triglyceride)... 

The water-insoluble solvents used in commercially available solubilized oral formulations include oleic acid, DL-a-tocopherol (Vitamin E), the long-chain triglycerides peanut oil, corn oil, soybean oil, sesame oil, olive oil, peppermint oil, and castor oil, the medium-chain triglycerides derived from coconut oil and palm seed oil, and the short-chain triglyceride triacetin. 

Efavirenz is a water-insoluble non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor widely used as Sustiva tablets in the treatment of HIV infection, and is also available as an oral solution in which 30 mg/ml is dissolved in medium-chain triglycerides along with benzoic acid and strawberry/mint flavor. The daily dose of Efavirenz is 600 mg (20 ml) for adults and for pediatrics is 270-600 mg (9-20 ml) and these dosing regimens delivers the maximum amount of medium-chain triglycerides per unit dose of any currently marketed oral lipid-based formulation. Calcitrol is formulated in a fractionated triglyceride of palm seed oil in the 1 pg/ml Rocaltrol oral solution. The daily dose of calcitrol is 1 pg, which is only 1 ml of the oral solution. 

Calcitriol is a non-ionizable and water-insoluble calcium-regulator intended for the treatment of hypocalcemia. Calcitriol is formulated as a solution in a fractionated medium-chain triglyceride of coconut oil, along with the antioxidants BHA and butylated hydroxy toluene (BHT), as 0.25 pg and 0.5 pg Rocaltrol soft gelatin capsules, which have been available in the UK since 1996, and are also available in the USA. Rocaltrol is also available (USA only) as a 1 pg/mL oral solution formulated in a fractionated triglyceride of palm seed oil. Calcitriol is not available in Japan, but a similar molecule, falecalcitriol, is available and marketed as a conventional solid tablet formulation. The dose of calcitriol is 0.25-0.5 pg (one capsule) and the product should be stored at controlled room temperature. 

Palm kernel ell (palm seed oil or fat). An oil obtained from the seeds (kernels) of the palm oil tree (Elaeis guineensis) and related palm species, the fruit pulp of the palm oil tree furnishes palm oil. The worldwide production of P. in 1993 amounted to 1.8 million tons. Mp. 23-30°C. On account of its high contents of esterifled, saturated fatty acids of medium chain length, e. g. lauric acid (ca. 50%) and myristic acid (ca. 15%), P. resembles coconut fat (so-called lauric fats and oils that are rich in lauric acid and other medium-chain length fatty acids) other components ca-proic acid (hexanoic acid) (5%), caprylic acid (octa-noic acid) (3%), palmitic acid (6-9%), stearic acid (2-3%), oils (10-18%), and linoleic acid (1-3%). For the composition of the seed oils of other palm species, see Lir.. ... 

Laurie acid n-dodecanoic acid, CHj-(CH2)u -COOH, one of the most widespread fatty adds, a typical wax fatty add, M, 200.3, m.p. 44 C, b.p.ioo 225°C.L.a. is present esterified in the seed fats of the laurel family (Lauraceae), and makes up 52% of the fatty acids in palm seed oil, 48% in coconut fat,... 

Coconut and palm seed oils are important ingredients of vegetable margarines which are solid at room temperature. However, they melt in the mouth with a significant heat uptake, producing a cooling effect. 

Medium chain fatty adds (Cg-Cjj) are present, usually as minor components, in milk fat triacylglycerols (Table 3.8). They are not found in the majority of vegetable oils, with a few exceptions. A high content of these fatty adds, especially of lauric acid, which is accompanied by other adds, is found in palm seed oils (of the pahn family, Arecaceae), such as coconut and palm kernel oil (Table 3.9) and seed oik of the Laurel family of plants (Lauraceae). Coconut... 

Cocoa butter substitutes and equivalents differ greatly with respect to their method of manufacture, source of fats, and functionaHty they are produced by several physical and chemical processes (17,18). Cocoa butter substitutes are produced from lauric acid fats such as coconut, palm, and palm kernel oils by fractionation and hydrogenation from domestic fats such as soy, com, and cotton seed oils by selective hydrogenation or from palm kernel stearines by fractionation. Cocoa butter equivalents can be produced from palm kernel oil and other specialty fats such as shea and ilHpe by fractional crystallization from glycerol and selected fatty acids by direct chemical synthesis or from edible beef tallow by acetone crystallization. 

Menhaden oil Neatsfoot oil Oleic acid Oleo oil Olive oil Palm oil Peanut oil Perilla oil Pine oil Rape seed oil Rosin oil Soya bean oil Sperm oil Tallow Tallow oil Tung oil Turpentine Whale oil... 

The food technologist may be especially interested in the fate of the carotenoids in the seed oil. Like red palm oil, the resulting carotenoid-pigmented canola oil may be more stable due to the antioxidant properties of carotenoids and may be more attractive to consumers. Alternatively, for food security concerns, transgenic soybean or canola oils and seed meals that are genetically modified for more efficient bio-diesel production may be bio-safety marked with lipid-soluble carotenoids and water-soluble anthocyanins, respectively. Potatoes are excellent potential sources of dietary carotenoids, and over-expression of CrtB in tubers led to the accumulation of P-carotene. Potatoes normally have low levels of leaf-type carotenoids, like canola cotyledons. 

Liquids can be extracted from solids by leaching. As the name implies, the soluble liquid contained in a solid is leached out by contacting the solid with a suitable solvent. A principal application of leaching is in the extraction of valuable oils from nuts and seeds such as, palm oil and rape seed oil. 

Nevertheless, much room remains for future investigators in this wide field and many improvements may still be expected from further research. Tallow, olive, palm, and cocoa-nut oils, oleic acid, and resin are used for the production of hard soaps fish and seed oils, on the contrary, for soft soaps. The mixture of oleic acid with amall quantities of stearic and margaric acids, which is obtained in the separation of steario acid by pressure, as desoiibod under the artlola Candle, affords an excellent soap, the production of which is a secondary... 

Glycyrrhiga glabra (Fabaceae), Salix sp. (willow) (Salicaceae) [flower] animals Oestriol isolated by Edward Doisy (USA) (Nobel Prize, Medicine, 1943, with Henrik Dam, Vitamin K) Phoenix dactylfera (date palm) (Palmae) [pollen, seed], fea mays (Poaceae) [seed oil],... 

Dodecanoic Laurie 42.2 Widely occurring, major acid in some seed fats, e.g., coconut oil and palm kernel oil. 

Cmde oils generally contain phospholipids that are removed during the degum-ming stage of refining as a crude mixture (lecithin). This valuable product is the basis of the phospholipid industry, and phospholipids are used extensively in food products, in animal feeds, and in industrial processes. The major members are phosphatidylcholines, phosphatidylethanolamines, and phosphatidylinositols and are accompanied by smaller proportions of other phospholipids. Soybean oil (3.2%), rapeseed oil (2.5%), and sunflower seed oil (1.5%) contain the proportions of total phospholipids indicated in parentheses and are the main sources of commercial lecithins, especially soya lecithin. Palm oil contains little or no phospholipids (7-9). 

Sal fat (Shorea robusta). This tree, which grows in Northern India, is felled for timber. Its seed oil is rich in stearic acid, and it can be used as a cocoa butter equivalent (CBE). The major acids are palmitic (2-8%), stearic (35 8%), oleic (35 2%), linoleic (2-3%), and arachidic acid (6-11%). Its major triacylglycerols are of the SUS type required of a cocoa butter equivalent. Sal olein is an excellent emolhent, and sal stearin, with POP 1%, POSt 13%, and StOSt 60%, is a superior cocoa butter equivalent (122-124). It is one of the six permitted fats (palm oil, iUipe butter, kokum butter, sal fat, shea butter, and mango kernel fat), which, in some countries at least, can partially replace cocoa butter in chocolate (86). 

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