Periodate, oxidant

The Halogen Group (Nonmetal Oxidizers) Periods 2 to 6, Group 17 (VIIA)... 

By the template technique using anodic oxide films and pyrolytic carbon deposition, one can prepare monodisperse carbon tubes. Since the length and the inner diameter of the channels in an anodic oxide film can easily be controlled by changing the anodic oxidation period and the current density during the oxidation, respectively, it is possible to control the length and the diameter of the carbon tubes. Furthermore, by changing the carbon deposition period, the wall thickness of the carbon tubes is controllable. This template method makes it possible to produce only carbon tubes that are not capped at both ends. Various features of the template method are summarized in Table 10.1.1 in comparison with the conventional arc-discharge method. 

By adjusting catalyst concentration from the higher value of Hay and Blanchard to that used in this study, we can direct the oxidation of aromatic hydrocarbons to increase the yields of alcohols and aldehydes. The oxidation period for optimum conversion can readily be determined by low voltage mass spectrometry. 

Ellis K. Fields We have found o-methylbenzyl bromide among the oxidation products of o-xylene. Even though this bromide persists during the oxidation period and appears to solvolyze somewhat more slowly than other benzyl bromides, it releases its bromine eventually to initiate and propagate free radical chains. 

Table 14.16 provides values of the kd, rjd, and kuv together with the overall percent TOC removal efficiencies obtained for 1-hr photocatalytic treatment of 15 times diluted reactive dye bath effluent at various reaction pH values (Alaton et al., 2002). At the end of the photocatalytic oxidation period, overall color removal ranged between 89.5 and 94.6% at varying pH values. In terms of TOC removal, pH 3 appeared to be the optimal condition for the UV/ Ti02 system. 

Potential/time relation informs about kinetics of antioxidant oxidation. Table 27.5 displays semi-oxidation periods and average constants of oxidation rate for main antioxidants. 

Semi-oxidation periods (ti/2) and average constants of oxidation rate (K) in antioxidant/mediator reaction (p — 0.95, re = 5)... 

The l-deoxy-D-cn7/iro-2,3-hexodiulose derivative 268 has been synthesized by ruthenium oxide-periodate-promoted oxidation of a D-glucofura-nose derivative, followed by an unusual rearrangement (Scheme 29).495... 

A novel method for oxidation of starch to starch dialdehyde has been presented. The oxidant (periodate) could be continuously recovered by electro-oxidation and the product was isolated on ion exchangers. The procedure permits full conversion (degree of oxidation = 1) of starch to starch dialdehyde .333,334... 

The temperature of the furnace is slowly raised to 350-450° over a period of 30 min then the furnace is held at this temperature in order to convert the lower technetium oxides to ditechnetium heptaoxide. This oxidizing period varies from sample to sample but is usually complete in about 30 min. The protective tube is now partially withdrawn from the furnace thus exposing the sealed tube holding the product. This produces a cold region at one end of the sealed tube into which the sample sublimes. The furnace is then allowed to cool to 230°. The clay plug is removed, and the protective tube is now pushed through the furnace to provide a cold region (at the opposite end of the product tube) into which the oxide sublimes. The furnace temperature is maintained at 230°. The time required for the final sublimation is ca. 

A stereospecific reduction of a pseudoglycal has been used to prepare the same isomer.23 Reduction of methyl 4,6-0-benzylidene-2,3-dideoxy-/3-D-erythro-hex-2-enopyranoside (6) with lithium aluminum deuteride led to the stereospecific synthesis of 4,6-0-benzylidene-3-deoxy-D-glucal-3(S)-d (7), which, after oxidation with osmium tetra-oxide-periodate followed by debenzylidenation, gave 2-deoxy-D-erythro-Tpentose-2(S)-d (2-deoxy-2-deuterio-D-arabinose) (8). Reduc-... 

Because the PPR is operated as an adiabatic reactor, the strongly exothermic oxidation reaction (iii) causes a temperature wave traveling through the bed, giving rise to a peak outlet temperature in the initial period of the acceptance cycle, as. shown in Fig. 26. In this figure, the temperature profile predicted by a mathematical model developed at the Shell laboratory in Amsterdam is compared with the profile measured in an industrial reactor to be described later. During the initial oxidation period, the copper is not yet active for reaction with sulfur oxides, so there is a slip of sulfur in the initial period, as can be seen in Fig. 27. It can be inferred that the sulfur dioxide concentration profile of the effluent of the industrial reactor is in close agreement with the profile predicted on the basis of a kinetic model developed at the Shell laboratory in Amsterdam. 

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