Oxidation of Sulfides to Sulfoxides and Sulfones Sodium Periodate-Silica

7 Oxidation of Sulfides to Sulfoxides and Sulfones - Sodium Periodate-Silica 

Several refractory thiophenes, that are often not reductively removable by conventional refining processes, can be oxidized under these conditions, e.g. benzothio-phenes are oxidized to the corresponding sulfoxides and sulfones using ultrasonic and microwave irradiation, respectively, in the presence of NaI04-silica [109]. A noteworthy feature of the procedure is its applicability to long chain fatty sulfides that are insoluble in most solvents and are consequently difficult to oxidize. 

9 Oxidation of Arenes and Enamines - Potassium Permanganate (KMn04)-Alumina 

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