6-phosphate periodate oxidation

Mild treatment of periodate-oxidized adenosine 5-phosphate or adenosine 5-(benzyl hydrogen phosphate) with alkali gave adenine and inorganic phosphate or benzyl phosphate. " " Periodate oxidation followed by alkali treatment would, therefore, be a means of degrading polynucleotides step-wise. " " A dinucleotide has been degraded in this way. " ... 

A -Acetyl-L-phenylalanine Adenosine 5 -phosphate Adenosine 5 -phosphate (periodate-oxidized) Adenosine triphosphate (periodate-oxidized)... 

Methylation of free OH groups, followed by denitration, hydrolysis, reduction, and glc analysis has been suggested as a method for determining the location of nitrate (82). This method has been suggested for CP and CS (82) as the phosphate and sulfate groups are stable to methylation and can then be removed. Periodate oxidation has been used to determine the DS of CS (81). 

In theory, periodate oxidation could have given a clear-cut answer as to the composition of the isomeric mixture of deoxy ribose phosphates. The 4-phosphate (73), devoid of vicinal diol groups, should be resistant to periodate the 3-phosphate (74) should reduce one and only one molar equivalent of the oxidant and yield one molar equivalent of both formaldehyde and the phosphorylated dialdehyde (75), whereas the 5-phosphate (76) could be expected to reduce one molar equivalent of periodate relatively rapidly, followed by a slower overoxidation reaction owing to the oxidation of malonaldehyde, formed as a result of the glycol cleavage. 

That the postulated phosphate group migration did in fact, occur, was eventually proved (58) in the following way. During the many experiments done to find conditions in which the phosphate group migration could be demonstrated by periodate oxidation, the conclusion was reached that one of the difficulties in the interpretation of the results was because of the fact that the reaction between the phosphorylated... 

A. Inositol Phosphates.—Phosphatidyl inositol (71) is hydrolysed in mammalian tissues to wyo-inositol 1,2-cyclic phosphate (72).i myoinositol 1-phosphate (73) is released simultaneously but is not converted into (72) by the enzyme system. Periodate oxidation of (73) liberates orthophosphate quantitatively, the unstable dialdehyde phosphate (74) being an intermediate. Little or no orthophosphate is released from glucose 6-phosphate under the same oxidative conditions, and this reaction has been used to assay (73). 

Dissolve an aldehyde-containing macromolecule to be modified (i.e., a periodate-oxidized glycoprotein) in 0.01M sodium phosphate, 0.15M NaCl, pH 7.4, containing ImM EDTA. A suitable concentration range for a protein is l-10mg/ml. 

For conjugation to hydrazide-containing proteins, dissolve the periodate-oxidized antibody at a concentration of lOmg/ml in 0.1M sodium phosphate, 0.15M NaCl, pH 6.0-7.2. For conjugation to amine-containing molecules and proteins, dissolve the oxidized antibody at lOmg/ml in 0.2M sodium carbonate, pH 9.6. 

More successful applications of periodate oxidation to substituted sugars were made employing the sugar phosphates and phosphoric acids,63 66 the chloraloses, 62 70 the benzyl ethers of sugars,71 72 a dimethyleneoxy sugar,73... 

A method has been developed which is designed to remove nucleotide residues singly from a polynucleotide chain, and it is anticipated that more precise information will shortly be forthcoming regarding the order in which the nucleotides are linked.220 The method is based on the fact that esters of 3-oxo alcohols are unstable toward alkali. In agreement with this, it is found that the products of the action of periodate on adenosine 5-phosphate (XXX) or adenosine 5-(benzyl hydrogen phosphate) are hydrolyzed under very mild conditions. Thus, after removal of terminal, singly-esterified phosphoryl residues from a polynucleotide chain, it is anticipated that periodate oxidation and hydrolysis will result in the removal of the... 

Finally, Droge and coworkers26 showed that the 2-aminoethyl phosphate-substituted KDO group is the lateral KDO unit of the branched trisaccharide (see Fig. 7), as follows. LPS from Salmonella minnesota mR3 was subjected to periodate oxidation. This sample, together with a control that had not been oxidized, was then mildly hydrolyzed with acid (pH = 3.4) during 1 h at 100°. Following removal of lipid A, both samples were analyzed by gel-filtration on Sephadex G-10, and paper electrophoresis. As expected, the ninhydrin-positive material obtained from the control sample was identical with KDO 7-(2-aminoethyl phosphate) (17) as previously identified. This spot was absent from the periodate-treated sample. Instead, an almost neutral, ninhydrin-positive spot was observed. This material (compound 26) was eluted, subjected to reduction with sodium [3H]borohydride, and hydrolyzed under strongly acidic conditions (see Scheme 11). Fol-... 

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