Offsite

Plume Containment. WeUs can be placed at a contaminated site to prevent the contamination from spreading further or migrating offsite. In the past, containment efforts often reHed on physical methods such as bentonite slurry trenches, grout curtains, sheet pilings, weU points, and fixative injections. Containment by judiciously placed weUs generally costs less, takes less time to install, and is more flexible because pumping rates and locations can be varied. 

Equipment for Superfund Waste Shipment RCRA hazardous waste that has been spilled, improperly landfilled, or dredged from defunct lagoons is a CERCLA waste, more commonly referred to as a Superfuna waste. For clean-ups where offsite treatment is the chosen solution, soil is excavated and placed in 15-m roll-off box or dump body truck. The trucks may be lined with polyethylene to reduce... 

The specific requirements to complete the NSR process will vaiy depending on the source location and characteristics, the federal and state regulations which apply, the compliance status of the facihty if it is existing, and the nature of other sources in the area. Atmospheric dispersion modehng is often necessary to determine the maximum offsite ambient air concentrations of the various pollutants that will be... 

Contracts or associated documents normally specify that the toller will report accidents, incidents, releases and agency inspections to the client as soon as practicable or within a specified time frame. This is particularly important if these involve injuries, offsite consequences, or damage to property resulting from work performed for the client. The toller should also be requested to provide their client with copies of any reports sent to regulatoiy agencies for these occurrences. 

Assure all waste intended for offsite disposal has been shipped and waste manifest records are complete. ... 

Consequence Phase 3 Develop Detailed Quantitative Estimate of the impacts of the Accident Scenarios. Sometimes an accident scenario is not understood enough to make risk-based decisions without having a more quantitative estimation of the effects. Quantitative consequence analysis will vary according to the hazards of interest (e.g., toxic, flammable, or reactive materials), specific accident scenarios (e.g., releases, runaway reactions, fires, or explosions), and consequence type of interest (e.g., onsite impacts, offsite impacts, environmental releases). The general technique is to model release rates/quantities, dispersion of released materials, fires, and explosions, and then estimate the effects of these events on employees, the public, the facility, neighboring facilities, and the environment. 

This discussion of offsites is subdivided into Utilities and Other Offsites. The utility portion interacts with the process area, while the other offsites have minor interaction w ith the process area, if any. In addition, the process area may have utility generation, such as waste heat boilers. It is convenient to discuss all utility generation as one package pointing out special considerations for the process area units along the way. The goal for this study phase is the same as for battery limits specification complete major material list and process specification sheets. 

Musser, E. G, Designing Offsite Facilities by Use of Routing Diagrams. Houston, Texas Gulf Publishing Co., 1983. 

The following items are usually included in the offsite estimate ... 

Once the battery limits have been summed, the offsite (the difficult part) must be estimated. Since there is so much variation from site to site, and between grassroots plants and construction at existing sites, the use of factors is not recommended. 

Total Offsite Costs. The offsite costs can range from 20% to 50% of the total cost of the project. If a preliminary built-up estimate of the offsites is less than 30% of the total costs, it should be suspect. Unless the offsites are very well defined, it would be better to use a factor of 50% to 75% of battery limits estimate as the offsite figure. 

Utilities are very expensive and highly variable from plant to plant. Great care must be exercised to get the proper steam and electrical loads, not only in the process areas, but also in the offsite areas to make sure the cost estimate for the utilities is complete. 

The cost of utilities is one of the most significant, yet difficult chores encountered in estimating operating costs. As discussed earlier, the amount of utilities required for both the process and the offsite areas must be estimated as accurately as possible. If utilities are generated in the project, the utilities required to operate the utility area must be included. Any increase in the project requires re-estiraating the utilities consumed in the utility area. This can result in a trial and error calculation to get the total cost of utilities. 

Plans are also neeessary to deal with the possible impaet of aeeidents off-site. An indieation of what these may entail is provided by the minimum information, listed in Table 13.5, whieh the oeeupier of a COMAH site must supply to the loeal authority to enable them to draw up an offsite emergeney plan. 

Listing of solid wastes, quantities, analyses and physical form (e.g. solid, slurry, suspension, sludge) toxicity and flammability. Checking the reliability and legality of waste disposal options, including any transportation offsite. Record keeping. 

HS(G)63 Radiation protection offsite for emergency services m the event of a nuclear accident... 

An electrostatic precipitator is used to remove more tar from coke oven gas. The tar is then sent to storage. Ammonia liquor is also separated from the tar decanter and sent to wastewater treatment after ammonia recovery. Coke oven gas is further cooled in a final cooler. Naphthalene is removed in a separator on the final cooler. Light oil is then removed from the coke oven gas and is fractionated to recover benzene, toluene, and xylene. Some facilities may include an onsite tar distillation unit. The Claus process is normally used to recover sulfur from coke oven gas. During the coke quenching, handling, and screening operation, coke breeze is produced. The breeze is either reused on site (e.g., in the sinter plant) or sold offsite as a by-product. 

Economic evaluations of waste-reduction options should involve a comparison of operating costs to illustrate where cost savings would accrue. For example, a waste-reduction measure that reduces the amount of raw material lost down the drain during the process will reduce raw-material costs. Raw-material substitution or process changes may reduce the amount of solid waste that must be transported offsite, reducing the transport costs for waste disposal. 

Enter in the spaces provided, the name and address of each location (other than POTWs) to which you ship or transfer wastes containing toxic chemicals. Do not include locations to which you ship the toxic chemical for recycle or reuse, tf you do not ship ortransfer wastes containing toxic chemicals to offsite locations, enter not applicable, NA in the off-site location name line of 2.1. Also enter the EPA Identification Number (RCRA I.D. Number) for each such location if known to you. This number may be found on the Uniform Hazardous Waste Manifest, which is required by RCRA regulations. Also indicate in the space provided whether the location is owned or controlled by yourfacility or your parent company. If thefacility does not have a RCRA 1.0. number, enter not applicable, NA, in this space. 

You would indicato a discharge to a POTW In Part III, Section 6.1.1 and the location of the POTW in Part II, Section 1.1. You would also indicate the release of the metal sludge to an offsite land disposal facility In Part III, Section 6.2.1. 

Waste Offsite, and other processes in the facility. Also performs a mass balance function around each process prints Form R and submits to EPA provides for unlimited comments and stores unused calculations. 

Database containing information on over 400 contractors and the treatment, storage and disposal methods they offer. Treatment is broken into onsite and offsite and then by the following categories biological, chemical, physical, and thermal treatment. Menu driven. Available through cross talk for EPA Regional offices. 

Piping - Sections of piping in any liquid service, whether onsite or offsite, which can be blocked in while liquid filled and subjected to liquid thermal expansion from subsequent heating, must be protected by either. 

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