Ammonia liquor

Ammonia is readily absorbed ia water to make ammonia liquor. Figure 2 summarizes the vapor—Hquid equiUbria of aqueous ammonia solutions and Figure 3 shows the solution vapor pressures. Additional thermodynamic properties may be found ia the Hterature (1,2). Considerable heat is evolved duriag the solution of ammonia ia water approximately 2180 kJ (520 kcal) of heat is evolved upon the dissolution of 1 kg of ammonia gas. 

An electrostatic precipitator is used to remove more tar from coke oven gas. The tar is then sent to storage. Ammonia liquor is also separated from the tar decanter and sent to wastewater treatment after ammonia recovery. Coke oven gas is further cooled in a final cooler. Naphthalene is removed in a separator on the final cooler. Light oil is then removed from the coke oven gas and is fractionated to recover benzene, toluene, and xylene. Some facilities may include an onsite tar distillation unit. The Claus process is normally used to recover sulfur from coke oven gas. During the coke quenching, handling, and screening operation, coke breeze is produced. The breeze is either reused on site (e.g., in the sinter plant) or sold offsite as a by-product. 

Reduce fixed ammonia content in ammonia liquor by using caustic soda and steam stripping. 

Liquid aiiliydrous ammonia has a large coefficient of expansion, wliich could lead to serious problems during storage and transfer due to tlie hydrostatic pressure exerted by the liquid. The flammability range of ammonia in air at atmospheric pressure is from 16 to 25% ammonia by volume. Increasing tlie temperature mid pressure of the ammonia broadens tlie flammability range. Ammonia is readily absorbed in water to make ammonia liquor (ammonimn... 

Recent years, the authors have innovatively proposed a method by using the aqueous ammonia liquor containing hexamine cobalt (II) complex to scrub the NO-containing flue gases[6-9], since several merits of this complex have been exploited such as (1) activation of atmospheric O2 to a peroxide to accelerate the O2 solubility, (2) coordination of NO, as NO is a stronger ligand than NH3 and H2O of Co( II) complexes to enhance the NO absorption and (3), catalysis of NO oxidation to further improve the absorption both of O2 and NO. Thus, a valuable product of ammonium nitrate can be obtained. 

Excess ammonia liquor from the primary cooler tar decanter... 

Largest sources waste ammonia liquor, ammonia distillation, crude light oil recovery Typical wastewater volume ... 

CyAM [Cyanide ammonia] A process for reducing the cyanide concentration in the ammonia liquor from coke manufacture, so that the liquor may be fed to an activated sludge effluent treatment plant. Developed by the United States Steel Corporation and used by that company in two of its coking plants. 

This reaction [65-67] is only rarely encountered in the benzene series but is extremely useful for appropriate derivatives of naphthalene, where the mechanism of the reaction has been investigated extensively. The reaction allows a hydroxy group to be exchanged for an amino group or vice versa. When a hydroxy group is to be converted into an amino group, the naphthol is heated under pressure with ammonium bisulphite (often produced in situ by introduction of ammonia liquor and sulphur dioxide into a sealed autoclave) at a temperature of 100-150 °C the naphthol is thereby converted into the corresponding naphthylamine. The mechanism of the reaction is outlined in Scheme 4.22. 

Ammoniaeal Liquor or Gas Liquor. Impure ammonia water obtained as a by-product in the distillation of coal, tar, bones, etc... 

Ammonium nitrate prepared from ammonia obtained by the dry distillation of coal should not be used as component of any explosive material because of the ammonium thiocyanate and pyridine present in it (the latter as nitrate). When the ammonia liquor from dry distillation of coal was the sole source af ammonia and ammonium nitrate, decomposition of mixtures containing ammonium nitrate with TNT (amatols), was brought about at the melting point TNT reacted with ammonium thiocyanate or with pyridine nitrate and evolved gaseous products. Minute traces of these impurities were sufficient to cause abundant gas evolution to develop during the fusion, pouring, and cooling of amatol. 

COAL TAR AND DERIVATIVES. CAS 65996-93-2. Coal tar constitutes the major part of the liquid condensate obtained from the dry" distillation or carbonization of coal (mostly bituminous) to coke. The three inajor products of this distillation are (I) metallurgical coke. (2) gas which is suitable as a fuel after appropriate chemical treatment, and (3> condensable liquids which leave the coke oven along with the gas and which are constituted principally of ammonia liquor and coal tar. The condensable materials and gas impurities are separated from gas in the condensation and purification train of the coke oven plant. The purified coke oven gas is used as fuel in heal the coke ovens and steel producing furnaces. Prior to the widespread use of natural gas as a dnmeslic fuel, coke oven gas was widely used for this purpose after additional purification as residential fuel. 

There is an account of an incident involving combustion/explosion in the free space of a weak ammonia liquor tank where detailed examination revealed no evidence for an ignition source [5]. The existence of ammonia—air mixtures able to bum only in sufficiently large enclosed volumes was established [6], Previous data on flammability has been summarised and extended by determination of flammability characteristics of ammonia admixed with dry air and oxygen-deficient air at temperatures from ambient up to 400°C. Similar work with added water vapour at 80°C shows that aqueous solutions of below 5% ammonia content do not produce flammable vapours at any temperature, and that above 49°C no flammable vapours are produced by ammonia solution of any concentration. Some data on ignition energy and explosibility are also given [7], Two US incidents serve as a reminder of the considerable explosive potential of ammonia—air mixtures in confined volumes. An... 

Figure 18 shows a pilot-scale fluidized washer for stripping nickel from a pulp of fine laterite ore with ammonia liquor (Kwauk, 1979a, p. 19). The washer measures 1 m in diameter and 14.S m in height, with a 1.6-m diameter settling head at the top for dewatering the rather lean pulp feed, and a... 

The metastable f - and y-MnS crystallites were obtained at about 200 °C in tetra-hydrofuran and benzene, whereas in water, ammonia liquor, en, the metastable phases converted to the stable phase of a-MnS [119]. However, only the stable phase of a-MnSe can be obtained by solvothermal reaction at 190 °C in en [120]. 

Ammonium Nitrate, NH4N03.—Produced by neutralising the 40 per cent. HN03 directly with ammonia liquor of 0.S80 sp. gr. The liquid is evaporated to 1.35 sp. gr., is allowed to crystallise, centrifuged, dried in hot air, when they contain 99.9 per cent. NH NO.,. 

Derivation Interaction of dry ammonia gas and carbon dioxide from ammonia liquor with ammonia and ammonium carbonate. 

The Bureau of Mines is a source of many chemical statistics. The monthly Coke and Coal Chemicals report, part of the bureau s Mineral Industry Surveys, contains, in addition to data on oven and beehive coke production, figures on production of ammonium sulfate, ammonia liquor, naphthalene, benzene, toluene, xylene, solvent naphtha, pyridine, crude coal tar, and cresote oil. Sales and end-of-month stock figures are also shown in the report. A useful feature of the report is the year-end supplement which gives year s totals by months. 

Ammonia liquor Ammonium nitrate and sulfate Anhydrous ammonia Aqua ammonia, made in ammonia plants Fertilizers, mixed made in plants producing nitrogenous fertilizer materials... 

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