Frame time

Analytical models using classical reservoir engineering techniques such as material balance, aquifer modelling and displacement calculations can be used in combination with field and laboratory data to estimate recovery factors for specific situations. These methods are most applicable when there is limited data, time and resources, and would be sufficient for most exploration and early appraisal decisions. However, when the development planning stage is reached, it is becoming common practice to build a reservoir simulation model, which allows more sensitivities to be considered in a shorter time frame. The typical sorts of questions addressed by reservoir simulations are listed in Section 8.5. 

A recent design of the maximum bubble pressure instrument for measurement of dynamic surface tension allows resolution in the millisecond time frame [119, 120]. This was accomplished by increasing the system volume relative to that of the bubble and by using electric and acoustic sensors to track the bubble formation frequency. Miller and co-workers also assessed the hydrodynamic effects arising at short bubble formation times with experiments on very viscous liquids [121]. They proposed a correction procedure to improve reliability at short times. This technique is applicable to the study of surfactant and polymer adsorption from solution [101, 120]. 

On the other hand, there are some ionization techniques that are very useful, particularly at very high mass, but produce ions only in pulses. For these sources, the ion extraction field can be left on continuously. Two prominent examples are Californium radionuclide and laser desorption ionization. In the former, nuclear disintegration occurs within a very short time frame to give a... 

Because TOF spectra are obtained in such a short time frame, additional spectra can be accumulated rapidly. Thus, in the span of one second, it is possible to accumulate several thousand mass spectra. 

Real time. A data-acquisition method in which the mass spectra are generated within the same time frame as the original experiment. 

Stable ion. An ion that is not sufficiently excited to dissociate into a daughter ion and associated neutral fragments, or to react further in the time frame of the mass spectrometric analysis under stated experimental conditions. 

At still longer times a more or less pronounced plateau is encountered. The value of the plateau modulus is on the order of 10 N m", comparable to the effect predicted for cross-linked elastomers in Sec. 3.4. This region is called the rubbery plateau and the sample appears elastic when observed in this time frame. 

Degussa is considering adding a 50 X 10 t/yr plant in North America in the 1997—1998 time frame. 

Alcohol holdout tests, which are also used to measure aqueous fluid repeUency, iavolve placing drops of aqueous isopropyl alcohol solutions of concentrations 10, 20,. .. 100 wt % on a fabric surface. The rating for the fabric is based on the most concentrated solution that does not penetrate the fabric ia the specified time frame (3M Water RepeUency Test II, Water/Alcohol Drop Test (41) INDA Standard Test 80.6). 

A failure that occurs while an independent device is awaiting repair represents but one failure during the time frame of the initiation of the emergency and is therefore credible. The lack of availability of the unrepaired device is a preexisting condition. 

Some companies that let toll contracts have been known to work with small tollers who displayed excellent technical, safety, and quality characteristics to help them achieve the necessary higher production capacity. This is feasible if the time frame allows and a closer relationship is mutually beneficial. 

A time frame for the confidentiality agreement. If included in a contract, it typically extends beyond the term of the contract. 

What is the anticipated time frame (or term) for the Agreement ... 

Term time frame with expiration date... 

Contracts usually contain clauses to govern the termination of projects upon completion at a specified renewal period or early termination for various reasons. Termination normally requires written notice with a specified time frame for conclusion and removal of... 

Contracts or associated documents normally specify that the toller will report accidents, incidents, releases and agency inspections to the client as soon as practicable or within a specified time frame. This is particularly important if these involve injuries, offsite consequences, or damage to property resulting from work performed for the client. The toller should also be requested to provide their client with copies of any reports sent to regulatoiy agencies for these occurrences. 

Turbine flow meters. The principle of this flow meter is the computation of the revolutions of the turbine wheel in a given time frame. 

One way to obtain enhanced heat and solvent resistance in SBR-based PSA is sulfur addition. It is difficult to obtain sufficient cure with sulfur during normal drying cycles (2-5 min at 150-180°C). Furthermore, cure via sulfur may continue after leaving the oven, thus degrading adhesion. When used in contact with copper, the sulfur may promote corrosion. The use of phenolic overcomes all of these problems despite the fact that its natural cure speed is also insufficient for the time frame available. This is overcome through addition of one of the accelerators... 

Anonymous, How to Prevent Runaway Reactions, EPA 550-F99-004, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, August 1999. In addition to the accidents mentioned in the reference, a significant number occurred prior to the 1989 time frame. Serious incidents arc recorded as early as 1957. Accident recording before 1957 was incomplete. 

Mobile laboratories are another alternative. If large amounts of data need to be analyzed in a short time frame, having a lab on site can be a real asset. A local lab may also provide similar service. 

Working in level A proteetion ean eause a variety of stresses. The equipment is heavy. The pressure to eomplete work tasks during a time frame is intensified beeause work time is limited by air supply. Heat stress ean be a problem, even in the winter. In the summer, the use of eooling vests ean keep you eool but also adds to the weight that you are earry-ing. Typieally, all level A workers have a sharp knife blade so that they ean eut themselves out of the suit if the air supply fails. Realizing that you may have to eut yourself out of this suit in ease of air supply failure adds more potential stress to the situation. 

These questions need to be considered for every emergency situation. And the workers need to be able to make judgment calls in a very short time frame. Wliether to attempt to handle an emergency or walk away and report it becomes very situation dependent. Keep in mind that situations with real-life potentials should be discussed during training. 

Are sampling and monitoring results returned in a reasonable time frame to prevent harm to employees if the results are above PELs or published exposure levels [OSHA Referenee. 120(h)(1)]... 

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