Offsite specifications

This discussion of offsites is subdivided into Utilities and Other Offsites. The utility portion interacts with the process area, while the other offsites have minor interaction w ith the process area, if any. In addition, the process area may have utility generation, such as waste heat boilers. It is convenient to discuss all utility generation as one package pointing out special considerations for the process area units along the way. The goal for this study phase is the same as for battery limits specification complete major material list and process specification sheets. 

A utility area superintendent once made the remark to me, Others have only one process unit to worry about, but in utilities, everybody s problem is my problem. Utilities have a way of being taken for granted until a problem develops. In the study phase of a project, it is well to attach great importance to utilities, making sure that this portion of the capital estimate is large enough to provide reliability and sufficient spare capacity. 

For package units, the manufacturer may propose limits tighter than ABMA also these specifications might 

Boiler Pressure (psig) Total Solids (ppm) Alkalinity (ppm) Suspended Solids (ppm) Silica (ppm) 

Once the highest steam level is set, then intermediate levels must be established. This involves having certain turbines exhaust at intermediate pressures required of lower pressure steam users. These decisions and balances should be done by in-house or contractor personnel having extensive utility experience. People experienced in this work can perform the balances more expeditiously than people with primarily process experience. Utility specialists are experienced in working with boiler manufacturers on the one hand and turbine manufacturers on the other. They have the contacts as well as knowledge of standard procedures and equipment size plateaus to provide commercially workable and optimum systems. At least one company uses a linear program as an aid in steam system optimization. 

I ppm total solids specified for boiler feedwater at 900 psig operation for package boilers. Such a limit will probably require complete feedwater demineralization as well as return condensate polishing (demineralization). Certainly, this information must be factored into any decision on package versus field erected boilers and included in cost estimates. 

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The specific requirements to complete the NSR process will vaiy depending on the source location and characteristics, the federal and state regulations which apply, the compliance status of the facihty if it is existing, and the nature of other sources in the area. Atmospheric dispersion modehng is often necessary to determine the maximum offsite ambient air concentrations of the various pollutants that will be... 

Consequence Phase 3 Develop Detailed Quantitative Estimate of the impacts of the Accident Scenarios. Sometimes an accident scenario is not understood enough to make risk-based decisions without having a more quantitative estimation of the effects. Quantitative consequence analysis will vary according to the hazards of interest (e.g., toxic, flammable, or reactive materials), specific accident scenarios (e.g., releases, runaway reactions, fires, or explosions), and consequence type of interest (e.g., onsite impacts, offsite impacts, environmental releases). The general technique is to model release rates/quantities, dispersion of released materials, fires, and explosions, and then estimate the effects of these events on employees, the public, the facility, neighboring facilities, and the environment. 

The ESDs were then translated into associated event trees. A generic event tree was developed for all initiators not involving LOCA. The generic transient event tree for each category of the transient initiators and loss of offsite power were specialized by the impact of the initiators on the safety and support systems, from the success criteria of the mitigating systems, and the initiator-specific human actions which were modeled in the fault trees. 

Are emissions and discharges of waste to offsite disposal controlled by regulations Provide details of the relevant regulations. Provide details of the specific controls and requirements. Identify the risk category. 

This section specifically contains a description of commonly used production processes, associated raw materials, the byproducts produced or released, and the materials either recycled or transferred offsite. This discussion, coupled with schematic drawings of the identified processes, provides a concise description of where wastes may be produced in the process. 

Listed pesticides (formulated, manufacturing-use, and off-specification) are regulated as hazardous wastes under the RCRA if they are discarded rather than used for their intended purposes. State listings are often more extensive. Both onsite and offsite disposal options are regulated under the RCRA. Onsite facilities that generate more than 1 kg/month of acutely hazardous wastes in the RCRA E List or 1000 kg/month of any waste as defined in 40 CFR 261.31, 261.32, or 261.33 will require an RCRA hazardous waste permit for treatment or for storage for more than 90 days. Offsite disposal must be handled by an RCRA-permitted facility. 

Finding 4-7. The applications for modifications of the research, development, and demonstration permits for both BGCAPP and PCAPP proposed that a number of specific secondary wastes be shipped offsite for treatment or ultimate disposal. 

In the section Transportation Risk Assessments in Chapter 4. it was reported that the Army s Chemical Materials Agency (CMA) had written specific guidance for offsite shipments of selected secondary wastes from currently operating chemical agent disposal facilities. This guidance, wliich the Assembled Chemical Weapons Alternatives (ACWA) program expects to follow, includes the following ... 

Outside battery limits or offsite costs. Factory-site (as opposed to process-specific) facilities such as (a) access roads, rail spur lines, paving, unloading and loading facilities (b) utilities facilities... 

Training and other emergency information on site-specific conditions and hazards shall be made available to offsite personnel who may be required to participate in response to an emergency at the DOE or NNSA site/facility. 

DOE 0 151.lA, Chapter IV, sec. 3b(5) 4.4.4 Provisions shall be established to adequately assess the potential or actual on and offsite consequences of an emergency. Consequence assessments shall (a) be timely throughout the emergency (b) be integrated with the event classification and protective action process (c) incorporate monitoring of specific indicators and field measurements and (d) be coordinated with Federal, State, local, and Tribal organizations. 

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