Oceans atmosphere climate models

A number of current coupled ocean-atmosphere climate models predict that the overturning of the North Atlantic may decrease somewhat under a future warmer climate.While this is not a feature that coupled models deal with well, its direct impact on the ocean s sequestration of carbon would be to cause a significant decline in the carbon that is stored in the deep water. This is a positive feedback, as oceanic carbon uptake would decline. Flowever, the expansion of area populated by the productive cool water plankton, and the associated decline... 

T. C. Johns et al., The Second Hadley Center Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere GCM Model Description, Spinup, and Validation, Climate Dynamics 13 (1997) 103-34. 

Hooss, G., Voss, R., Hasselmann, K., Maier-Reimer, E., and Joos, F. (2001). A nonlinear impulse response model of the coupled carbon cycle-ocean-atmosphere climate system. Clim. Dyn. (in press). 

Ocean-Atmosphere Interactions. To determine how the ocean responds to a C02-induced climate forcing, it will be necessary to develop a combined ocean and atmospheric general circulation model. It will take 10-20 years to develop a model with appropriate chemistry and biology to the level of confidence necessary to make valid projections. In the interim, two approaches can be pursued in parallel with this model development. 

The research published in this book uses the presently most comprehensive multicompartment model, the first which comprises a coupled atmosphere-ocean general circulation model (GCM). GCMs are the state-of-the-art tools used in climate research. The study is on the marine and total environmental distribution and fate of two chemicals, an obsolete pesticide (DDT) and an emerging contaminant (perflu-orinated compound) and contains the first description of a whole historic cycle of an anthropogenic substance, i.e. from the introduction into the environment until its fading beyond phase-out. 

The climate is an important aspect of the environment, an aspect that interacts strongly with the composition of the ocean and atmosphere. This interaction works in two ways Climate is influenced by composition through the greenhouse effect, and climate also influences composition through its effect on reaction rates, particularly on weathering and the flux of dissolved constituents into the sea. Full-scale climate models are exceedingly complicated and can run only on supercomputers. But here I shall demonstrate how one aspect of the climate system—average tern-... 

Over recent years, increased computational power and improved efficiency have allowed significant developments and improvements to be applied to climate models [19], including the improved representation of dynamical processes such as advection [20] and an increase in the horizontal and vertical resolution of models. It has also enabled additional processes to be incorporated in models, particularly the coupling of the atmospheric and ocean components of models, the modelling of aerosols and of land surface and sea ice processes. The parame-terisations of physical processes have also been improved. 

Levis et al. (2003) described an algorithm based on the data of field and laboratory measurements that enables calculation of BVOC emissions being used as a component of the interactive climate model CCSM (Version 2.0) for the atmosphere-ocean-land-sea ice cover system developed by National Center for... 

Since the World Ocean is the most inertial component of the global climate system, analyzing its variability is a top priority, especially as Levitus et al. (2001) detected annual increases in the heat content of the upper layer of all oceans over the last 45 years. With this in mind, Barnett et al. (2001) compared numerical modeling results of the heat content of the upper 3 km layer of various oceans with observational data. Calculations were made using the parallel climate model (PCM) for the atmosphere-ocean system without any flux adjustment. Calculations were made of five versions of the forecast growth in GHG concentration and sulfate aerosol content in the atmosphere. 

CliC CLIVAR CLRTAP CM CO COADS COLA COP CORP CPI CPL CPR CRC CRF CRP CRS CSD CSIRO Climate and Cryosphere (CliC) project CLImate VARiability and predictability Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution Climate Model Carbon monoxide Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set Center of the Ocean-Land-Atmosphere system study Conference of the Parties Chinese Ozone Research Program Consumer Price Index Cloud Physics Lidar Continuous Plankton Recorder program Chemical Rubber Company Cloud Radiative Forcing Conservation Reserve Program Cloud Radar System Commission on Sustainable Development Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research... 

Pa PACE PAGES PAHO PALE PAR PARCS PBL PCM PDV PhA PIK PIRA PIRATA POC POLDER Partial pressure in the atmosphere Permafrost And Climate in Europe Pilot Analysis of Global EcoSystems Pan American Health Organization Paleoclimates of Arctic Lakes and Estuaries Photosynthetic Active Radiation Paleoenvironmental ARCtic Science Planetary Boundary Layer Parallel Climate Model Pacific Decadal Variability Phytogenic Aerosol Potsdam-Institut fur Klimafolgenforschung Petroleum Industry Research Associates Pilot Research moored Array in the Tropical Atlantic Permanganate Oxidizable Carbon POLarization and Directionality of the Earth s Reflectances Princeton Ocean Model... 

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