Tropical Atlantic

Engel S, Puglisi MP, Jensen PR, Fenical W (2006) Antimicrobial activities of extracts from tropical Atlantic marine plants against marine pathogens and saprophytes. Mar Biol 149 991-1002... 

FIGURE 6.42 Fraction of HO, from each radical source as a function of altitude over the tropical Atlantic Ocean (adapted from Lee et al., 1998). 

Chiapello, I., G. Berganietti, B. Chatenet, P. Bousquet, F. Dulac, and E. Santos Soares, Origins of African Dust Transported over the Northeastern Tropical Atlantic, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 13701-13709 (1997). 

Happell, J. D., and D. W. R. Wallace, Methyl Iodide in the Green-land/Norwegian Seas and the Tropical Atlantic Ocean Evidence for Photochemical Production, Geophys. Res. Lett., 23, 2105-2108 (1996). 

Enfield, D. B., and D. A. Mayer, Tropical Atlantic Sea Surface Temperature Variability and Its Relation to El Nino-Southern Oscillation, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 929-945 (1997). 

Li-Jones, X., H. B. Mating, and J. M. Prospero, Effect of Relative Humidity on Light Scattering by Mineral Dust Aerosol As Measured in the Marine Boundary Layer over the Tropical Atlantic Ocean, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 31113-31121 (1998). 

Read KA, Mahajan AS, Carpenter LJ, Evans MJ, Faria BVE, Heard DE, Hopkins JR, Lee JD, Moller SJ, Lewis AC, Mendes L, McQuaid JB, Oetjen H, Saiz-Lopez A, Pilling MJ, Plane JMC (2008) Extensive Halogen-Mediated Ozone Destruction Over the Tropical Atlantic Ocean. Nature 453 1232... 

Longhurst, A.R., 1983. Benthic-pelagic coupling and export of organic carbon from a tropical Atlantic continental shelf - Sierra Leone. Estuar. coastl. Shelf Sci., 17 261-285. 

Leboulanger, C., L. Oriol, H. Jupin, and C. Descolas-Gros. 1997. Diel variability of glycolate in the eastern tropical Atlantic Ocean. Deep-Sea Research 144 2131-2139. 

Zharov, V.L. (1965). Body temperature of tuna (Thunnidae) and other perciform fishes of the tropical Atlantic (In Russian). Voprosy Ikhtiologii 5,157-160. 

Heinrich M. and Hinzpeter H. (1975). Radiation balance and albedo in the tropical Atlantic during ATEX 1969. Meteorologie und Aeronomie, 8, 56-64. 

Pa PACE PAGES PAHO PALE PAR PARCS PBL PCM PDV PhA PIK PIRA PIRATA POC POLDER Partial pressure in the atmosphere Permafrost And Climate in Europe Pilot Analysis of Global EcoSystems Pan American Health Organization Paleoclimates of Arctic Lakes and Estuaries Photosynthetic Active Radiation Paleoenvironmental ARCtic Science Planetary Boundary Layer Parallel Climate Model Pacific Decadal Variability Phytogenic Aerosol Potsdam-Institut fur Klimafolgenforschung Petroleum Industry Research Associates Pilot Research moored Array in the Tropical Atlantic Permanganate Oxidizable Carbon POLarization and Directionality of the Earth s Reflectances Princeton Ocean Model... 

N. Atlantic (Marine) N. Atlantic (Cont.) Sargasso Sea G. of Mexico (Marine) G. of Mexico (Cont.) Tropical Atlantic Atlantic Pollut. Plume Bermuda Southern Ocean NE Pacific Bahamas Gulf of Mexico Remote Caribbean W. Atlantic Gulf of Maine... 

The vertical profile of DMS in marine air was first determined by Ferek et al (12), over the tropical Atlantic ocean. They found that under stable meteorological conditions, the mixing depth of DMS was about 1 km, with a rapid decline in concentration above this altitude. This distribution was considered consistent with the chemical lifetime of a few days predicted by... 

The Caribbean transects data shown by Saltzman and Cooper ( ) was obtained in oceanic air with easterly winds which should be representative of the subtropical/tropical Atlantic Ocean. On this cruise two filters were used in series, and correction was made for the OCS artifact 130). The resultant data showed H2S concentrations averaging less than 10 ppt with a slight daytime minimum, as expected for a species such as HiS which should be removed predominantly by photochemically produced OH. The maximum/minimum concentration ratio is 1.7, which is similar to that observed for DMS on the same cruise. However, it should be noted that this diurnal variation is only a few ppt, which is close to the precision of the method. We wish to stress that considerably more data is needed to verify this observation, as the data used are compiled from measurements over a considerable geographic range and because the variations involved are small. 

Thunell R.C. and Honjo S. (1981) Planktonic foraminiferal flux to the deep oceanic sediment trap results from the tropical Atlantic and the central Pacific. Mar. Geol. 40, 237-253. 

A better understanding of rainfall variability and its mechanisms in Amazonia requires a clear documentation of the major elements of the warm season precipitation regime, within the context of the annual cycle, and longer time scale variations such as interannual and interdecadal. Rainfall variability in Amazonia has been the subject of several studies regarding physical causes, seasonal variations, and links to the Southern Oscillation (SO), and to SST conditions in the tropical Atlantic (see reviews in Ropelewski... 

The tropical Adantic is the main source of moisture for the Amazon via the tradewinds, and the intensity and timing of this transport is dependent on the interannual variability of tropical Atlantic circulation and SST meridional gradients. Furthermore, signals of the tropical Pacific in Amazonia are observed... 

Nobre, P., and J. Shukla. 1996. "Variations of sea surface temperature, wind stress, and rainfall over the tropical Atlantic and South America." Journal of Climate 9 2464-2479. 

Whgner, R. 1996. "Decadal-scale trends in mechanisms controlling meridional sea surface temperature gradients in the tropical Atlantic." Journal of Geophysical Research 101 16683-16694. 

Andreae, M. O., J. Fishman, and J. Lindesay. 1996. The Southern Tropical Atlantic Region Experiment (STARE) TRansport and Atmospheric Chemistry near the Equator-Atlantic (TRACE-A) and Southern African Fire/ Atmosphere Research Initiative (SAFARI) An introduction. Journal of Geophysical Research 101 23519-23520. 

Philander, S. G. H., and R, C. Pacanowski. 1986. The mass and heat budget in a model of the tropical Atlantic Ocean." Journal of Geophysical Research 91 14212-14220. 

Ryther, J. H., D. W. Menzel, and N. Corwin. 1967. "Influence of the Amazon River outflow on the ecology of the western tropical Atlantic, I Hydrology and nutrient chemistry." Journal of Marine Research 25 69-82. 

Herbland, A., and Voituriez, B. (1979). Hydrological structure analysis for estimating primary production in the tropical Atlantic Ocean. /. Mar. R s. 37, 87—101. 

Oudot, C., Andrie, C., and Montel, Y. (1990). Nitrous oxide production in the tropical Atlantic Ocean. Deep-Sea Res. 37, 183—202. 

Goering, J. J., Dugdale, R. C., andMenzel, D. (1966). Estimates of in situ rates of nitrogen uptake by Trichodesmium sp. in the tropical Atlantic Ocean. Limnol. Oceanogr. 11, 614—620. 

Langlois, R. J., LaRoche, J., and Raab, P. A. (2005). Diazotrophic Diversity and Distribution in the Tropical and Sub-tropical Atlantic Ocean. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 71, 7910-7919. 

Montoya, J. P., Voss, M., and Capone, D. G. (2007). Spatial variation in N2-fixation rate and diazotroph activity in the Tropical Atlantic. Biogeosciences 4, 369—376. 

Carpenter, E. J., Montoya,., Burns,., Mulholland, M., Subramaniam, A., and Capone, D. (1999). Extensive bloom of a N2-fixing symbiotic association in the tropical Atlantic Ocean. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 185, 273-283. 

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