Research pilot

The process engineer also develops tests and interprets data and information from the research pilot plant. He aids in scaling-up the research qpe flow cycle to one of commercial feasibility. 

As was stated in Section 1.2.1, the project design should start with a clear specification defining the product, capacity, raw materials, process and site location. If the project is based on an established process and product, a full specification can be drawn up at the start of the project. For a new product, the specification will be developed from an economic evaluation of possible processes, based on laboratory research, pilot plant tests and product market research. 

Avco An electric arc process for making acetylene from coal and hydrogen. The arc in hydrogen is rotated by a magnetic field in order to spread it out and thus make better contact with the coal passing through. Developed by V. J. Krukonis at the Avco Corporation in the early 1970s with support from the U.S. Office of Coal Research Piloted at the rate of 55 kg/hr but not yet commercialized. 

Electronics and Their Application in Industry and Research", Pilot Press, NY (1947)... 

National Corn to Ethanol Research Pilot Plant, SIU Edwardsville,... 

In particular, technical references on chemical EOR are needed because petroleum professionals have not been trained in this area in the past 20 years. Except for some chapters in a few books that discuss general EOR, a comprehensive and systematic chemical EOR book has not been published. The purpose of this book is to complement the current literature on EOR. More important, it summarizes the results of research, pilot tests, and field applications in China because oil companies and research organizations there have continually made the effort to develop and apply chemical EOR technology during the past three decades. 

Process improvement projects may involve some laboratory research, pilot plant, or plant studies to reduce operating expenses and to improve overall process efficiency. These projects are more expensive and of longer duration than product improvement projects. The assurance of generating a greater return is not present, so there is a higher (moderate) level of risk, and the minimum acceptable return is higher than in the previous case. 

Recent amendments to the 1984 Hazardous and Solid Waste Act have discouraged the disposal of dioxin-containing wastes on land and encouraged the development of unique treatment technologies. The 1984 Amendments make provisions for the waiver of research development and demonstration (RD D) permit requirements by Environmental Protection Agency regional administrators to facilitate and expedite critically needed research (pilot-scale and prototype testing). 

Batch number (research, pilot, production) and associated manufacturing date For antibiotic drug products, the age of the bulk active drug substance or substances used in manufacturing the batch Analytical data, source of each data point, and date of analysis (e.g., batch, container, composite, etc) pooled estimates may be submitted if individual data points are provided Individual data as well as mean and standard deviation should be reported Tabulated data by storage condition Summary of information on previous formulations during product development this summary may be referenced (if previously submitted) and should include other containers and closures investigated... 

Lipoxygenase may play a role in SPI production. When we examined SPI production on a laboratory scale using triple LOX-null soybeans compared to the parental variety, we observed no differences in yield (data not shown). However, when these varieties were compared using the Iowa State University Center for Crops Utilization Research pilot plant SPI procedure (Wu et al., 2000), it became apparent that the LOX-triple null SPI precipitates were much more difficult to centrifuge. The data in Table 8.4 compares the yield differences in SPI made from triple nulls from two crop years. Moisture, protein, and lipid compositions of the soybeans were not different between years or varieties. 

Supported in part by a Multi-Disciplinary Research Pilot Project grant from the State University of New York, Buffalo (LJB and HS), a Moir P. Tanner Foundation grant (LJB), and additional funds provided by the Division of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, and the School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York, Buffalo. 

Cost information available for US projects is scarce and tends to be based on pilot-scale, research studies or demonstration sites (USEPA, 1995,1999,2003 DOE, 1996 ITRC, 1997 United States Army Environmental Center, 2000). There has been multiple pilot-scale and full-scale demonstrations completed, but costs for these type of projects are significantly higher than full-scale commercial installations due to the small-scale, intensive monitoring requirements and multiple layers of oversight. Other than Lasagna, there are no recent successful commercial applications in the USA from which to draw accurate cost information not based on research, pilot, or demonstration sites. 

There is no quantitative limit on small quantities and so the interpretation is left to a common sense judgment of what is appropriate for a lab scale or pilot scale testing program. In an early proposed rule, the EPA noted that a numerical limit would be arbitrary because different types of R D involve different quantities of R D materials. For example, bench level research, pilot plant development, and production testing all require different quantities of R D material. The EPA noted that 80,000 gallons of crude oil has been categorized as a small quantity in a pilot plant that operated over several months. ... 

Project activities included intellectual research, pilot curriculum development, and outreach. Early in the project an interdisciplinary group of 19 scientists, engineers, social scientists and philosophers gathered in a research workshop. An engineer, a social scientist, and a philosopher made presentations about the ethical, institutional, and educational dimensions concerning energy ethics, complemented by a CSPO student s presentation on her graduate research. 

CNPC has conducted lots of works on field explorations, potential estimations, target screenings, delineation drillings, technology researches, pilot constructions. Most of work is concentrated on two areas, the Sichuan Basin and Dianqianbei Depression. 

Research Pilot plant Figure 10.15 Pipeline of new IWSP. 

The items of the questionnaire used to assess the perception of social presence in this experiment was developed iteratively, based on previously published research, piloting the questionnaire and analysing data from previous experiments [21,22]. The aim was to design a questionnaire concise which assessed the students perception of the presence of the others supported by the interface in an online learning environment. 

Sometimes it is stated that the nature of the simulation software (research, pilot, production) is determined by its maturity with respect to the validation level [12]. This is an oversimpHfication. If one needs a single (ideally, quantifiable) criteria to estimate the practical usefulness of simulation, the best choice is probably the reliabiHty of a computer prediction [13]. It should be stressed, however, that this parameter, depending on the adequacy of the model and the accuracy of the computations as well as on the particular aim one pursues, characterizes not the code itself, but the simulation. Evidently, the same results could be considered successful if one is interested in unveiling some trend - and unsatisfactory if the goal of the simulation is to find, for example, the optimal size of some specific element of the growth furnace. 

Recovery of heavy hydrocarbons or liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) from refinery purge or fuel gas is significantly more profitable than using these components as waste fuel. If the gas contains hydrogen, it can also be recovered. This application is a long-standing area of research pilot plants for the process are installed. This could become a significant market. 

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