Atmospheric Oceanic General Circulation Models

The research published in this book uses the presently most comprehensive multicompartment model, the first which comprises a coupled atmosphere-ocean general circulation model (GCM). GCMs are the state-of-the-art tools used in climate research. The study is on the marine and total environmental distribution and fate of two chemicals, an obsolete pesticide (DDT) and an emerging contaminant (perflu-orinated compound) and contains the first description of a whole historic cycle of an anthropogenic substance, i.e. from the introduction into the environment until its fading beyond phase-out. 

Farley KA, Maier-Reimer E, Schlosser P, Broecker WS (1995) Constraints on mantle He fluxes and deep-sea circulation from an oceanic general circulation model. J Geophys Res 100(B3) 3829-3839 Farley KA, Love SG, Patterson DB (1997) Atmospheric entry heating arrd hehum retentivity of interplanetary dust particles. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 61 2309-2316 Farley KA, Montanari A, Shoemaker EM, Shoemaker CS (1998) Geochemical evidence for a comet shower in the Late Eocene. Science 280 1250-1253... 

Hydrodynamic models of the atmosphere on a grid or spectral resolution that determine the surface pressure and the vertical distributions of velocity, temperature, density, and water vapor as functions of time from the mass conservation and hydrostatic laws, the first law of thermodynamics, Newton s second law of motion, the equation of state, and the conservation law for water vapor. Abbreviated as GCM. Atmospheric general circulation models are abbreviated AGCM, while oceanic general circulation models are abbreviated OGCM. geomorphology... 

Ocean-Atmosphere Interactions. To determine how the ocean responds to a C02-induced climate forcing, it will be necessary to develop a combined ocean and atmospheric general circulation model. It will take 10-20 years to develop a model with appropriate chemistry and biology to the level of confidence necessary to make valid projections. In the interim, two approaches can be pursued in parallel with this model development. 

Models for processes in the environmental SYSTEM E.G. GENERAL CIRCULATION Model for Atmosphere and Ocean... 

Cubasch, U., Voss, R., Hegerl, G. C., Waszkewitz, J., and Crowley, T. J. (1997). Simulatkrn of the influence of solar radiation variations on the global climate with an ocean-atmosphere general circulation model. Climate Dynamics 13, 757-767. 

The net sea-air CO2 fluxes computed for each ocean basin for the reference year of 1995, representing non-El Nino conditions, are summarized in Table 1. The annual net CO2 uptake by the global ocean is estimated to be about 2.0 Pg-C y . This is consistent with estimates obtained on the basis of a number of different ocean-atmosphere models including multi-box diffusion advection models and three-dimensional general circulation models. 

In the 1990s, the advent of main-frame supercomputers with greater speed and memory size allowed the development and integration of so-called coupled air-sea models (general circulation models which coupled together dynamic models of both the atmosphere and ocean). In our case, this involved the coupling of the previously described R15 GCM with a dynamical model of the world... 

General Circulation Model Model simulating the state of the entire atmosphere, ocean, or both at chosen locations over a discrete, selected incremental time scale. 

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