Forcing radiative

On the surface it would seem that global nitrogen fertilization is beneficial in that it reduces the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere and thus its radiative forcing. However, it raises the question of how long global biomass can continue to respond in this way. Should the northern forests switch over from nitrogen fertilization to nitrogen saturation, or if other nutri-... 

Marenco, A., Gouget H., Nedelec P., Pages, J.-P. and Karcher, F. (1994). Evidence of a long-term trend in tropospheric ozone from Pic du Midi data series consequences positive radiative forcing. /. Geophys. Res. 99,16617-16632. 

Table 17-1 Expressions used to derive radiative forcing for past trends and future scenarios of greenhouse concentrations (IPCC, 1990)...

The choice of different targets is not only relevant because it leads to different uncertainty ranges, but also because it leads to different strategies. Stabilisation of one type of target, such as temperature, does not imply stabilisation of other possible targets, such as sea-level rise, radiative forcing, concentrations or emissions. 

Concentrations of different greenhouse gases Radiative forcing... 

Anthropogenic addition to radiative forcing at stabilisation (W/m2) Stabilisation level for C02 only (ppm C02) Multi-gas concentration level (ppm C02-eq.) Global mean temperature °C increase above pre-industrial at equilibrium," using best estimate climate sensitivity of 3°C Peaking year for C02 emissions Change in C02 emissions in 2050 (% of 2000 emissions) ... 

For the approximate C02-eq. concentrations corresponding to the computed radiative forcing due to various anthropogenic GHG emission scenarios refer to the SRES Report (IPCC, 2007a). SRES scenarios do not include explicit mitigation policies. 

Halocarbon, Alkyinitrate, and DMS emissions to atmosphere Radiative forcing and production of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN)... 

Nitrous oxide (N2O) is an important greenhonse gas with a radiative forcing effect 310 times that of CO2 and a lifetime in the troposphere of approximately 120 years. Part of the N2O is converted to NO in the stratosphere, and so contributes to depletion of ozone. Nitric oxide (NO) is very reactive in the atmosphere and has a lifetime of only 1-10 days. It contribntes to acidification and to reactions leading to the formation of ozone in the troposphere, and so also to global warming. 

Hansen J, Sato M, Ruedy R (1997) Radiative forcing and climate response. J Geophys Res-Atmos 102 6831... 

Marenco, A., H. Gouget, P. Nedelec, J.-P. Pages, and F. Karcher, Evidence of a Long-Term Increase in Tropospheric Ozone from Pic du Midi Data Series Consequences Positive Radiative Forcing, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 16617-16632(1994). 

Christopher, S. A., D. V. Kliche, J. Chou, and R. M. Welch, First Estimates of the Radiative Forcing of Aerosols Generated from Biomass Burning Using Satellite Data, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 21265-21273 (1996). 

Hobbs, P. V., J. S. Reid, R. A. Kotchenruther, R. J. Ferek, and R. Weiss, Direct Radiative Forcing by Smoke from Biomass Burning, Science, 275, 1776-1778 (1997). 

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