Mycotoxicosis

Mycotoxins. The condition produced by the consumption of moldy foods containing toxic material is referred to as mycotoxicosis. Molds and fungi fall iato this category and several derive thek toxicity from the production of oxaflc acid, although the majority of mycotoxias are much more complex. 

Starodub MF, Romanov VO, Kochan RV et al (2006) Implementation of SPR-biosensors for express-diagnostics of acute viral infection and mycotoxicosis. Bull Khmelnitski Nat Univ N6 223-226... 

If mycotoxicosis is suspected, the source of feed should be changed immediately. This should be followed by a thorough inspection of feed and grain storage bins, handling equipment, mill and feeders. Caked and/or... 

Cyclopiazonic acid (77 in Figure 16) is produced by several species of Aspergillus and Penicillium, and its contamination has been found in a variety of agricultural products. Since Aspergillus flavus often produces AF and cyclopiazonic acid concurrently, it is speculated that mycotoxicosis caused by cyclopiazonic acid may be... 

Mycotoxin Producing fiingi Toxic effect Mycotoxicosis... 

Carcinogenicity has been used by the World Health Organization as an index for classifying mycotoxins [32]. However, the carcinogenic effects of very few mycotoxins have been established or even directly correlated. Therefore, this method of classifying mycotoxins may not be applicable at the present time. But as the carcinogenic risk of more mycotoxins is established based on ongoing research to identify the associations between human or animal consumption of contaminated food and the incidence of associated mycotoxicosis, this classification system may become very relevant. 

Chu FS Mycotoxins and mycotoxicosis in Reimann D, Oliver DO (eds) Foodbome Infections and Intoxications, ed 3. NewTbrk, Academic Press, in press. 

Scott PM The natural occurrence of trichothecenes in Beasley VD (ed) Trichothecene Mycotoxicosis. Pathophysiologic Effects. Boca Raton, CRC Press, 1989, pp 1-26. 

Trichothecene toxicosis is manifested by a broad spectrum of clinical disorders, which vary according to the specific causative toxin or mixture of toxins. Species differences in response are generally related to severity of the response, and young animals are more susceptible than adults. Toxicosis can be acute or chronic, with clinical signs remaining fairly similar. A comprehensive review of the pathophysiology of spontaneous and experimentally induced trichothecene mycotoxicosis is available (Beasley, 1989). 

Bhat, R.V., Beedu, S.R., Ramakrishna, Y., Munshi, K.L. (1989). Outbreak of trichothecene mycotoxicosis associated with consumption of mould-damaged wheat production in Kashmir Valley, India. Lancet i 35-7. 

Cresia, D.A., Lambert, R.J. (1989). Acute respiratory tract toxicity of the trichothecene mycotoxin, T-2 toxin. In Trichothecene Mycotoxicosis Pathophysiological Effects, Vol. 1 (V.R. Beasley, ed.), pp. 161-70. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL. 

Mycotoxicoses may induce various pathological disorders in animals as well as in human beings. Considering the poor specificity of the signs observed and the very low concentrations of the toxic compounds in most biological tissues or fluids, it is necessary to be able to analyze, promptly and efficiently, biological samples to evaluate the risk of mycotoxicosis. The most common mycotoxins involved include aflatoxins, fumonisins, ochratoxin, zearalenon, and T2 toxin... 

Thin-layer chromatography and HPTLC offer many possibilites for the determination of mycotoxins in plant or animal samples. Plant samples usually contain higher concentrations of mycotoxins, but analysis of animal tissues may be necessary either to confirm a suspected mycotoxicosis or to detect potential residues for human food. Many official methods are available, based on TLC, and the recent development of HPTLC also offers many possibilities for the detection and quantitation of several mycotoxins in various biological samples. 

Beasley, V.R., 1989. Trichothecene Mycotoxicosis Pathophysiologic Effects, Vols. 1 and II, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL. 

Leukemia is the most frequent trichocethecen mycotoxicosis in man. The effects of the trichocethecens appear soon after their taking in, causing burning sensation in the mouth, tongue, throat and intestine disorders. 

Kalantary makes a general outline on mycotoxins and fusarium toxins as environmental toxicants, their mycotoxicosis, the historical background of trichothecene mycotoxins and toxicological aspects. 

K.I. Vertiskii the Ukranian scientist reported that Stachybotryotoxicosis is a mycotoxicosis caused in farm animals by ingestion of feed contaminated with... 

In this article the general outline on mycotoxins and fusarium toxins as environmental toxicants their mycotoxicosis, the historical backgrounds of trichothecene mycotoxins chemistry and toxicological aspects were described. In order to protect the environment as well as human from these toxins and also to find a potential antidote for these toxins it is worthy to work in this area of research. 

Ramakrishna Y., Bhat R.V. and Ravindranath V. (1989) Production of deoxynivalenol by Fusarium isolates from samples of wheat associated with a human mycotoxicosis outbreak and from sorghum cul-tivars. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 55, 2619-2620. 

As a public health hazard, the major routes for aflatoxin exposure are inhalation, pulmonary mycotoxicosis, especially of grain dusts, and ingestion as a result of eating food made with contaminated grains. The aflatoxin problem was first... 

The red mold disease of wheat and barley in Japan is prevalent in the region that faces the Pacific Ocean.4 Toxic trichothecenes, including nivalenol, deoxynivalenol, and monoacetyl-nivalenol (fusarenon-X) from Fusarium nivale, can be isolated from moldy grains. In the suburbs of Tokyo, an illness similar to red mold disease was described in an outbreak of a food-borne disease, as a result of the consumption of Fusarium-infected rice.35 Ingestion of moldy grains that are contaminated with trichothecenes has been associated with mycotoxicosis in domestic farm animals.4... 

Chronic exposure to subacute doses of trichothecene mycotoxins is not thought to be an effect of biological warfare. This type of exposure, however, was responsible for ATA toxicosis in humans and mycotoxicosis in domestic animals. In addition, chronic toxicity has been iatrogenically induced when repeated subacute doses of a trichothecene mycotoxin were administrated intravenously to cancer patients as a chemotherapy for colon adenocarcinoma. Alimentary Toxic Aleukia Toxicosis... 

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