Fusarium nivale

P. Leroux, C. Lanae and R. Fritz, Similarities in the Antifungal Activities of Fenpiclonil, Iprodione and Tolclofos-methyl against Botrytis cinerea and Fusarium nivale , Pesticide Sci., 1992,36, 255-261. 

For some crops there is no problem in meeting the quality standards as required for conventional seeds, but in some cases the thresholds for seedborne diseases are adjusted (Nielsen 2003 Lammerts van Bueren et al. 2003a Girsch and Weinhappel 2004). In some countries the recommended tolerances or thresholds for some diseases are lowered. In Austria, for instance, the threshold for Fusarium nivale has been adjusted from 20% in conventional agriculture to 10% for the organic sector. In the Netherlands, the level of permitted contamination in organic seed potato has been lowered from 25% (conventional) to 10%. A lower threshold is also set in other diseases, for example, in Austria, 10% is permitted for Septoria nodorum in cereals, compared with 20% previously. 

When we started to look for the mode of action of different EBI s, we decided to use several pathogens as test organisms. These were Pyricularia oryzae, Botrytis cinerea, Cercospora musae, Fusarium nivale, and Drechslera teres. To get rapid information about the possible antimycotic efficacy of a test compound, we also used a non-pathogenic yeast, Saccharomycopsis lipolytica. 

Wahlroos, O. and Virtanen, A. I. 1958. On the antifungal effect of benzoxazolinone and 6-methoxy-benzoxazolinone, respectively, on Fusarium nivale. Acta Chem. Scand. 12, 124-128... 

Nivalenol, 12,13-Epoxy-3,4,7,15-tetrahydroxytri-chothec-9-en-S-one 3a,4d,7o,l 5-tetrahydroxyscirp-9-en-8-one. C[jHj,07 mol wt 3)2.33. C 57.69%, H 6.45%, O 35.86%. Trichothecene myctrtoxin isolated from Fusarium nivale T. Tatsuno et al., Chem. Pharm Bull. 16, 2519 (1968). Structure eidem. Tetrahedron Letters 1969, 2823. Toxicology T. Tatsuno, Cancer Res. 28, 2393 (1968). Implicated as a chemical warfare agent in Southeast Asia with... 

The red mold disease of wheat and barley in Japan is prevalent in the region that faces the Pacific Ocean.4 Toxic trichothecenes, including nivalenol, deoxynivalenol, and monoacetyl-nivalenol (fusarenon-X) from Fusarium nivale, can be isolated from moldy grains. In the suburbs of Tokyo, an illness similar to red mold disease was described in an outbreak of a food-borne disease, as a result of the consumption of Fusarium-infected rice.35 Ingestion of moldy grains that are contaminated with trichothecenes has been associated with mycotoxicosis in domestic farm animals.4... 

Tatsuno T (1968) Toxicologic Research on Substances from Fusarium nivale. Cancer Res 28 2393... 

Ueno Y, Ueno I, Tatsuno T, Ohokubo K, Tsunoda H (1969) Fusarenone-X, a Toxic Principle of Fusarium nivale Culture Filtrate. Experientia 25 1062... 

Tatsuno T, Morita Y, Tsunoda H, Umeda M (1970) Recherches Toxicologiques des Substances Metaboliques du Fusarium nivale, VII. La Troisieme Substance Meta-bolique de F. nivale, le Diacetate de Nivalenol. Chem Pharm Bull 18 1485... 

Gams W (1989) Taxonomy and Nomenclature of Microdochium nivale (Fusarium nivale). In Chelkowski J (ed.) Fusarium Mycotoxins, Taxonomy and Pathogenicity, p. 195. Elsevier, Amsterdam... 

At a temperature of 10 °Con 4th day of the experiment diameter of the colony was equal to 12.5 mm, and after 28 days Petri dish was completely occupied by the fungus. In this variant sporulation happened much earlier - on the 16th day. The fastest growth of Fusarium nivale Ces. coloi r was observed at 20°... 

C14H18N5O11P 463.297 Found in Penicillium chrysogenum and Fusarium nivale. Intermed. in adenylic acid formn. Md -3.4 (c, 1.04 in H2O). 

Nivalenol (NIV) was discovered by Japanese scientists from the culture medium of Fusarium nivale strain Fn-2B obtained from Fusarium head bhght-infected wheat, in Japan [1]. Subsequently, Fn-2B was reclassified as a new species, F. kyushuense... 

Tatsuno T, Saito M, Enomoto M, Tsunoda H (1968) Nivalenol, a toxic principle of Fusarium nivale. Chem Pharm Bull 16 2519... 

Tatsuno T, Fujimoto Y, Morita Y (1969) Toxicological research on substances from Fusarium nivale III. The structure of nivalenol and its monoacetate.Tetrahedron Fett 33 2823... 

Ueno Y, Ishikawa Y, Saito-Amakai K, Tsunoda H (1970) Environmental factors influencing the production of fusarenon-X, a cytotoxic mycotoxin of Fusarium nivale Fn2B. Chem Pharm Bull 18 304... 

Ohtsubo K, Ryu JC, Nakamura K, Izumiyama N, Tanaka T, Yamamura H, Kobayashi T, Ueno Y (1989) Chrraiic toxicity of nivalenol in female mice a 2-year feeding study with Fusarium nivale Fn 2B-moulded rice. Food Chem Toxicol 27 591... 

Ohtsubo K, Yamad MA, Saito M (1968) Inhibitory effect of nivalenol, a toxic metabolite of fusarium nivale, on the growth cycle and biopolymer synthesis of HELA cells. Jpn J med Sci Biol 21 185... 

Ueno Y, Hosoya M, Morita Y, Ueno I, Tatsuno T (1968) Inhibition of the protein synthesis in rabbit reticulocyte by Nivalenol, a toxic principle isolated from Fusarium nivale-growing rice. J Biochem 64 479... 

Nakahara, Y., and T. Tatsuno Toxicological research on substances from Fusarium nivale an alternative synthesis of 12,13-epoxy-trichothec-9-ene. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 28, 1981 (1980). 

Tamm, Ch., and W. Breitenstein The biosynthesis of trichothecene mycotoxins. In Biosynthesis of Mycotoxins (Steyn, P. S., ed.), p. 69. New York Academic Press. 1980. Tatsuno, T. Chemical synthesis of trichothecenes. Dev. Food Sci. 4, 47 (1983). Tatsuno, T., Y. Fujimoto, and Y. Morita Toxicological research on substances from Fusarium nivale. III. Structure of nivalenol and its monoacetate. Tetrahedron Letters 1969, 2823. 

Ueno, Y., I. Ueno, T. Tatsuno, K. Ohokubo, and H. Tsunoda Fusarenon-X, a toxic principles of Fusarium nivale culture filtrate. Experientia 25, 1062 (1969). 

Yates, S. G., H. L. Tookey, J. J. Ellis, and H. J. Burkhardt Mycotoxins produced by Fusarium nivale isolated from tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) Phytochem. 7, 139 (1968). 

In particular the snow mold, which is caused hy Microdochium nivale (Fr.) Samuels and I.C. Hallett (Fusarium nivale Ces. ex Berl. and Voglino), is dangerous. It is widely specialized facultative parasite, always present in the soil. 

FIGURE 1 Effect of temperature on the development of fungus Fusarium nivale Ces. 

Fusarium nivale Ces Facultative fungi Pathogens Abiotic... 

Activity against Fusarium nivale, Rhizoctonia solani (1057) use as seed disinfectant (1057). ... 

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