Aspergillus flavus

An aflatoxin is isolated from Aspergillus flavus. Which of the three aflatoxins, Bi, Gi or Mj, is it given the set of NMR experiments 43 ... 

The first natural products shown to be cyclic hydroxamic acids belong to the group of aspergillic acids, formed by cultures of Aspergillus flavus and related organisms. 

Aflatoxin Bj, from Aspergillus flavus growing on peanuts (Arachis hypogea)... 

Krishnamurty HG, FJ Simpson (1970) Degradation of rutin hy Aspergillus flavus. Studies with oxygen 18 on the action of a dioxygenase on quercitin. J Biol Chem 245 1467-1471. 

Beti J A, Phillips T W and Smalley E B (1995), Effects of maize weevils (Coleoptera Curculionidae) on production of aflatoxin B1 by Aspergillus flavus in stored corn , J. Economic Entomol., 88, 1776-1782. 

Geiser D M, Domer J W, Horn B W, and Taylor J W (2000), The phylogenetics of mycotoxin and sclerotium production in Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus oryzae , Fungal Genet. Biol., 31, 169-179. 

McMillian W W, Widstrom N W, Wilson D M and Hill R A (1980), Transmission by maize weevils of Aspergillus flavus and its survival on selected corn hybrids , J. 

Sinha K K and Sinha A K (1991), Effect of Sitophilus oryzae infestation on Aspergillus flavus infection and aflatoxin contamination in stored wheat , 7. Stored Products Res., 27, 65-68. 

Wotton, H.R. and Strange, R.N. (1987). Increased susceptibility and reduced phytoalexin accumulation in drought-stressed peanut kernels challenged with Aspergillus flavus , Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 53, 270-273. 

Delayed action cytotoxins that inhibit the synthesis of nucleic acids. They are obtained from various molds/fungi (Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus parasiticus). They are colorless to pale-yellow crystalline materials melting above 450°F. The "B" toxins fluoresce blue in the presence of UV light while the "G" toxins fluoresce green. They are only slightly soluble in water, but are soluble in methanol, acetone, and chloroform. Aqueous solutions are "probably stable" and "probably tolerant" to chlorine at purification concentrations. 

G-6-PDH and 6-PGDH were isolated from yeast (G9, H15, H19, K19, Nl, N4), from Neurospora crassa (R3), from Escherichia coli (M12), from Aspergillus flavus-oryzae (H10), and from Aspergillus niger (J2). 

H10. Hochster, R. M., Pyridine nucleotide specificities and rates of formation of G-0-P and of 0-PG dehydrogenases in Aspergillus flavus-oryzae. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 60, 499-501 (1957). 

Cotty, P.J., Effect of atoxigenic strains of Aspergillus flavus on aflatoxin contamination of developing cottonseed, PL Dis., 74, 808, 1990. 

Guo, B. Z. et al.. Protein profiles and antifungal activities of kernel extracts from corn genot5q)es resistant and susceptible to Aspergillus flavus, J. Food Prot., 61, 98, 1998. 

It also became clear that the mold itself - identified by the mold experts (mycologists) as the fairly common species Aspergillus flavus -was not directly responsible for the poisoning. Turkey X disease could be reproduced in the laboratory not only when birds were fed peanut meal contaminated with living mold, but also when fed the same meal after the mold had been killed. 

N-Acetylation (Streptomyces roseo chromogenus) Oxidative deamination to carboxylic acid Aspergillus flavus) 5,5 -Dimerization Streptomyces rimosus, Candida tropicalis) Oxidative deamination to carboxylic acid and amide formation Streptomyces rimosus)... 

The aflatoxins are rather unpleasant fungal toxins. At high levels they can cause severe liver damage in animals and humans, and at lower levels they are implicated in liver cancer. These toxins are produced by the fungus Aspergillus flavus, a common contaminant on nuts and grains. Aflatoxin Bi is the most commonly encountered... 

S. staurosporeus Anaya Actinomadura madurae A. melliaura Arcyria denudata Aspergillus flavus A. tubingensis Nocardia aerocoligenes Nocardiopsis dassonvillei Nocardiopsis sp. 

While gallic acid is probably utilized by fungi and yeasts as a carbon source, only a few papers have suggested this possibility (25,40,41), including one for Aspergillus flavus (42). 

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