Market access

Market Access. Technology organizations must understand the value chain, ie, the sources of demand for the firm s products and services the technologies used by customers, learned through a vibrant appHcations development effort and the ways ia which technological solutions can affect demand. This overall effort requires close contact with the firm s marketing function and with customers ia their markets, so that technologies and markets can be matched. 

Plotto, A., Turmeric post-production management for improved market access for herbs and spices. Compendium on post-harvest operations, http //www.fao.org. 

The purpose of registration is to assess drugs for efficacy, safety and quality and to ensure that they are of an acceptable standard for use. When similar products are processed, the rates of registration approval and rejection reflect the ability of the registration system to prevent questionable products from gaining market access (3). 

The advent of NICE heralds a new era in which evidence about cost-effectiveness is formally required to help determine whether new interventions should be made available at public expense, ffowever, definitive yes/no decisions about market access have major implications for pharmaceutical companies. Economic information available at launch can only provide initial guidance about value for money. Further evidence on cost-effectiveness in real-world use will also be required. 

Stenhouse, F. (2007). "Market Access Advice Prohibition of Oilfish and Escolar Exports to South Korea (Aug 13)." Australian Quarantine and Inspection Service, Australia, http // www.daff.gov.au/aqis/export/fish/fish-notices/2007/FISH0708 Oilfish escolar market ban to South Korea.pdf. Accessed Nov. 5, 2008. 

Conformity with tax optimization policies Conformity with market access strategies Culture match... 

Joint Working Party on Trade and Environment 2002. Government regulations affecting trade in products of organic agriculture. In The Development Dimension of Trade and Environment Case Studies on Environmental Requirements and Market Access. OECD, Paris, pp. 115-152. 

Swedish National Board of Trade. 2003. Market Access for Organic Agriculture Products from Developing Countries Analysis of the EC Regulation (2092/91). Kommerskollegium, Stockholm. 

Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA). 2005. Special 301 Submission to USTR. Available at http //www.phrma.org/international/Appendlx C Market Access.pdf [Accessed February 5, 2006]. 

There are already serious questions about the relevance and suitability of TRIPS minimum IP standards for developing countries (CIPR 2002 UNDP 2003). The gross inflation of these standards in "free trade" agreements severely limit national strategies to provide affordable medicines and limits market access for generic medicines, irrespective of the country s level of development or disease burden. These practices not only raise serious ethical concerns, but also sharply curtail country capacity to realize the right to health for all. 

The U.S. Trade Act 1972 required AUSFTA negotiators to facilitate the "elimination of government measures such as price controls and reference pricing which deny full market access for United States [pharmaceutical] products" (USC 2002, 107-210 2102 b.8.D). Official comments supported the position that the AUSFTA would make Australian consumers pay more for the R D costs of U.S. pharmaceuticals and set a precedent for "eliminating" a pharmaceutical cost-effectiveness pricing system (Shiner 2004). 

The outsourcing of C and D customers, for example, allows producers to save sales, logistics, and administration costs. Furthermore, a focus on their core customers allows them to reduce their cost of complexity significantly and at the same time enhance the profitability of their overall customer portfolio. Further important added value arises from the distributor s in-depth knowledge of regional markets and ability to design tailor-made packages. As a result of their broader market access, distributors are often able to increase the sales of dedicated product lines outsourced by suppliers. New customers may be attracted and switch to products... 

Be better prepared to face new industry standards in terms of the commercial operating model (including market access, pricing, payer/provider relations), as well as regulatory affairs, quality, and drug safety ... 

Organic products provide market access and create added value ... 

Many small farmers in poor countries do not have access to the organic market. How can authorities and market partners from richer countries make the organic market more transparent and improve market access for small farmers from poor countries How can they reduce especially nontariff trade barriers such as organic certification ... 

Kilcher, L. Khanna, R. Richter, T. Fluber, B. and O.Schmid (2004) The market for organic food and beverages in Switzerland and the European Union. Overview and market access information for producers and international trading companies.- Forschungsinstitut fur biologischen Landbau (FiBL) und Swiss Import Promotion Programme (SIPPO), Frick/Zurich. 

Lukas Kilcher of the Research Institute of Organic Agriculture FiBL in Frick, Switzerland, draws in his contribution on a number of case studies from different tropical and subtropical countries to underline his main hypotheses that organic agriculture is sustainable and diverse, conserves resources, can produce more and distinct quality products and thus generate higher income, also through a shift in partner networks, improved market access and added value. 

Zealand, was established in 1983 and is the trading name of the New Zealand Biological Producers and Consumers Council Inc. Bio-Gro services organic production systems and its key functions include setting of standards, inspection and certification, promotion of the Bio-Gro trademark and promotion of research and development. To better service the massive growth experienced in the last 2 years, Bio-Gro recently subcontracted inspection services to SGS International. This has necessitated a steep rise in fees for licensees. In 1999 Bio-Gro gained IFOAM certification which has helped facilitate market access into Europe though there are still some issues to be resolved (see section 13.2.5). 

Zealand. As mentioned in section 13.1.5, discussions with the New Zealand and Australian organic industry, begun in 1999, are continuing through 2000 and it is hoped that a national standard will be implemented in the next 12 months. The initial prime motivator for such a standard from a New Zealand perspective is to maintain market access into European and soon Japanese markets. This has now grown to include protecting of the term organic . Japan has indicated that it will require evidence of equivalence to their standards by April 2000. 

---