Regional market

Western Europe has seven manufacturers of activated carbon. The two largest, Norit and Chemviron (a subsidiary of Calgon), account for 70% of West European production capacity, and Ceca accounts for 13% (42). Japan is the third largest producer of activated carbon, having 18 manufacturers, but four companies share over 50% of the total Japanese capacity (43). Six Pacific Rim countries account for the balance of the world production capacity of activated carbon, 90% of which is in the Philippines and Sri Lanka (42). As is the case with other businesses, regional markets for activated carbon products have become international, lea ding to consoHdation of manufacturers. Calgon, Norit, Ceca, and Sutcliffe-Speakman are examples of multinational companies. 

Historically, the electric power industry was characterized as being a natural monopoly. Natural monopolies typically occur in industries with veiyi large fixed capital costs and relatively low operating costs. The cost characteristics of these industries tend to make them the most efficient producers in a given regional market. However, since these natural monopolies face no competition, they have the ability, if left unchecked, to charge prices that could be considerably above costs. Industries with large infrastructure requirements, such as telecommunications, water... 

The selection of crude oil type is critical to the design and economic success of a crude oil refinery. Different crude oil types require a different refining strategy, and depending on the crude oil type, it may be easier or more difficult to achieve a specific product slate. The product slate is often determined by regional markets, unless the products are specifically earmarked for export. This also holds true for Fischer-Tropsch syncrude. 

The network of crude oil pipelines in the U.S. is extensive. There are approximately 55,000 miles of crude oil trunk lines (usually 8-24 inches in diameter) in the U.S. that connect regional markets. The map below shows some of the major crude oil trunk lines in the U.S. (Figure 1). 

Ecstasy has many names across the country, and often those names evolve from the regional marketing strategies that arise. Cooks produce a myriad of shapes and colors of the drug in... 

At the same time the relatively high cost of gas transportation requires a reconsideration of the gas field development perspectives. This will affect investment opportunities in transportation pertaining to pipeline systems and the production and distribution of LNG and related markets [4]. Thus, natural gas significantly differs from oil that is a universal commodity with international prices, whereas gas prices and contracts are often specific to local or regional markets. This would give the transit countries an advantage in buying natural gas at favourable conditions. This may affect the security of supply in a positive manner. 

If all proposed pipelines were constructed, there is an apprehension of oversupply of regional markets, especially during the period 2006-2010. However, by consolidated development the South Caucasian Pipeline system... 

Market area plants produce a majority of the company s products for distribution to their regional market. 

Server factories are established to serve specific national or regional markets. 

Contributor factories combine source and server factory principles. They primarily serve specific national or regional markets but also become focal points for certain production processes, components or products. 

The extent to which a product can be shared really depends on the scale of the economics involved and the relative sizes of the parties. This will also reflect the culture of the companies which will also depend on the portfolio and their sales penetration abilities. Even a large multinational will have greater or lesser strengths across the world and could choose to partner a product for one geographical regional market or another to maximize their return through the best utilization of their resources. Individual subsidiaries nevertheless have to... 

Regional supply/demand balances of a product can also impact economics. If a regional market becomes a net importer, this can create a valuable pricing umbrella for domestic producers. Take the hypothetical but not unrealistic case that North America holds back from adding new ethylene capacity and yet demand grows, so that North America shifts from a net exporter of ethylene derivatives to net short, and imports from Asia or other... 

The outsourcing of C and D customers, for example, allows producers to save sales, logistics, and administration costs. Furthermore, a focus on their core customers allows them to reduce their cost of complexity significantly and at the same time enhance the profitability of their overall customer portfolio. Further important added value arises from the distributor s in-depth knowledge of regional markets and ability to design tailor-made packages. As a result of their broader market access, distributors are often able to increase the sales of dedicated product lines outsourced by suppliers. New customers may be attracted and switch to products... 

Although the overall annual growth rate for epoxy adhesive is in the 3 to 5 percent range, certain regional markets, such as China, are expected to have an annual growth rate... 

BASF estimates that the Asia-Pacific region, with China playing the dominant role, has become the world s largest regional market for chemicals, now surpassing North America. China is one of the world s largest chemical markets, thanks to a broad base of industries that rely on chemicals of all types. 

Recent experience in the oil price is illustrated in Figure 4.5 for three marker light and low sulphur crude oils - WTI, Brent and Tapis considered the reference crude oils in the three regional markets. The graph shows that the three crude move in unison to events in the oil market . 

Products are delivered by trucks to the regional market and by ship to the overseas market. Products to the overseas market can be stored in port storage facilities (PPFS and PCJS). Each product has a particular seUing price in each market. The selling of the different products constitutes the main income of the system. 

Electricity 12 v - low Utility plants of greater than 50 MW. Very dependent on region. Market share likely to be low. 

Hartford Regional Market 1-91, Exit 27 Hartford, CT b 860-749-4186 Year-round... 

Barbados and drinking something they can get at home, says McKenna. It s a rite of passage to drink the native beers, whether it s to support the regional market or as a show of solidarity. And anything made locally will be fresher than what comes from over the water. ... 

Natural gas is sold in regional markets defined by pipeline capacity. Because of the importance of Texas and California in today s hydrogen economy, Figure 4 presents the data for the West Texas Intermediate Crude Oil Spot Price and City Gate Natural Gas Prices in Texas and in California. By applying time-series econometric techniques to these data, one can conclude that the price of oil leads natural gas prices and that the price of oil does not follow changes in any other energy price [9,10]. 

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