Products questionable

Now the electrophilic attack of the aromatic system onto the acylium cation. The product is para substituted, so go for that site of attack. We then need removal of a proton, and chloride is the obvious base, but since this is complexed as AlCU, we need the latter to decompose to chloride and AICI3. We should also show resonance stabilization of the addition cation, delocalizing the charge around the ring this helps with the alternative product question. 

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Most of the chemistry you have learned so far has concentrated on reactions (questions like what do you need to add to X to get Y ) or on products (questions like what will happen if X and Y react together ). Now we re looking at starting materials (questions like what X and Y do you need to react together to make Z ). We re looking at reactions in reverse, and we have a special symbol for a reverse reaction called a retrosynthetic arrow (the implies arrow from logic). 

Formulate the question. We need to start with a very clear research or management question. Often, formulating a clear and productive question is by itself a major task. 

Given that a reaction has time-independent stoichiometry, express the rate of reaction, J, in terms of the rate of change of concentration of each reactant and product. (Question 3.4 and Exercise 3.1)... 

Why is the extrusion of ceramics using an auger such a widespread and successful technology Why is it that the auger extruder is of such interest to industry What do we know about it When will it work How does it happen that the auger, a type of well established equipment that certainly still lacks a complete scientific basis for its design, finds itself as the technology of choice in business for so many established and new products Questions such as these underlie the discussion here. 

Several of the above metrics were designed to address the support role the Purchasing Department played to both the Sales Department and to the ultimate customer. When a customer called in with a specific detailed product question that Sales could not answer or a question about when the next shipment of an item was due from the manufacturer, we were supposed to provide timely and accurate answers. If we did not, we disappointed both Sales and the customer. Our performance here was a key driver of overall customer satisfaction. 

Do not use eounter-productive questions. The aim is to get the other person talking -not to suggest right answers, diseourage, eonfuse or mislead. As noted in Chapter 6, avoid blame when interviewing people during an accident investigation. 

The utility system also creates waste through products of combustion from boilers and furnaces and wastewater from water treatment, boiler blowdown, etc. Utility waste minimization is in general terms a question of ... 

In most processes, the largest individual cost is raw materials. Raw materials costs and product prices tend to have the largest influence on the economic performance of the process. The value of raw materials and products depends on whether the materials in question are being bought and sold under a contractual arrangement (either within or outside the company) or on the open market (the spot price). Open-market prices can fluctuate considerably with time. Products are normally sold at below open-market price when under a contractual arrangement. 

The complexity of petroleum products raises the question of sample validity is the sample representative of the total flow The problem becomes that much more difficult when dealing with samples of heavy materials or samples coming from separations. The diverse chemical families in a petroleum cut can have very different physical characteristics and the homogeneous nature of the cut is often due to the delicate equilibrium between its components. The equilibrium can be upset by extraction or by addition of certain materials as in the case of the precipitation of asphaltenes by light paraffins. 

We will reserve the word additive for substances, or mixtures of substances, capable of noticeably improving at least one property of the product in question, without altering the other intrinsic properties. 

The feedstocks in question are primary distillation streams and some conversion products from catalytic cracking, coking, visbreaking, and residue conversion units. 

First of all, one should note that refining a low cost raw material into low or medium added value products requires extremely delicate optimization. It is out of the question to give them much more than the specifications require thus highlighting the importance of being able to predict the various product yields and qualities that a given crude oil can supply. A profound understanding of crude oils appears therefore indispensable. That is the role of crude oil analysis, an operation traced in part to refining, with the... 

Article is denoted to the investigation and the creation of the new ultrasonic and information technologies (IT) and the technical methods of non-destructive evaluation (NDE) of material state in the product, which are based on principles of ultrasonic computing tomography (USCT). These results concern two important questions ... 

Compounds that are products in reactions are sometimes reported in standard states for phases that are not the most stable at the temperature in question. The stable standard state of H2O at 298 K (and 1 atm) is, of course,... 

Thus, the time-dependent BO model describes the adiabatic limit of QCMD. If QCMD is a valid approximation of full QD for sufficiently small e, the BO model has to be the adiabatic limit of QD itself. Exactly this question has been addressed in different mathematical approaches, [8], [13], and [18]. We will follow Hagedorn [13] whose results are based on the product state assumption Eq. (2) for the initial state with a special choice concerning the dependence of 4> on e ... 

The next question is how to represent the reacting bonds of the reaction center. We wanted to develop a method for reaction classification that can be used for knowledge extraction from reaction databases for the prediction of the products of a reaction. Thus, we could only use physicochemical values of the reactants, because these should tell us what products we obtain. 

The prediction of the course and of the products of a chemical reaction is of fundamental interest as it concerns a problem with which chemist.s arc con.stantly faced in their day-to-day work. They try to solve such questions by making predictions based on analogy, drawing from their experience acquired in their long training or gathered by making a series of experiments. 

With the advent of reaction databases chemists now have a treasure trove of information on chemical reactions available at their fingertips (sec Sections 5,4, 5.6, 5.10, and 5.12 of this Textbook, and Chapter X, Section 3.1 oFthe Handbook), Thus, searches in reaction databases might provide an answer to a chemist s question on the product of a specilic reaction. 

Although many problems still remain to be overcome to make the process practical (not the least of which is the question of the corrosive nature of aqueous HBr and the minimization of formation of any higher brominated methanes), the selective conversion of methane to methyl alcohol without going through syn-gas has promise. Furthermore, the process could be operated in relatively low-capital-demand-ing plants (in contrast to syn-gas production) and in practically any location, making transportation of natural gas from less accessible locations in the form of convenient liquid methyl alcohol possible. 

That means that this method is a neat little way one can get the ever lovely MDEA (Methylenedioxyethyl amphetamine, the softer cousin of X). Strike hears you asking So if one uses lithium tri-methylborohydride can one get methamphetamine out of that nitro group . Good question. Unfortunately the answer is no. The authors say Interestingly, N-alkylated products were not produced when other alkylborohydrides were used." Fair enough. Here s the recipe ... 

Aminothiazole in its neutral form seems to be able to react in 3 different positions according to the electrophilic center considered (Scheme 146). The question of C-5 reactivity for this neutral form remains open, however, because the observed product might also be formed from the protonated form of 2-aminothiazoles. A surprising... 

Begin by asking the question What kind of compound is the target molecule and what methods can I use to prepare that kind of compound The desired product has a bromine and a hydroxyl on adjacent carbons it is a vicinal bromohydrin The only method we have learned so far for the preparation of vicinal bromohydrms involves the reaction of alkenes with Bi2 m water Thus a reasonable last step is... 

The major effect of the solvent is on the rate of nucleophilic substitution not on what the products are Thus we need to consider two related questions... 

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