Mammary carcinoma

Biomedical Uses. The molybdate ion is added to total parenteral nutrition protocols and appears to alleviate toxicity of some of the amino acid components in these preparations (see Mineral NUTRIENTS) (97). Molybdenum supplements have been shown to reduce iiitrosarnine-induced mammary carcinomas in rats (50). A number of studies have shown that certain heteropolymolybdates (98) and organometaUic molybdenum compounds (99) have antiviral, including anti-AIDS, and antitumor activity (see Antiviral agents Chemotherapeutics, anticancer). 

Kano-Sueoka, T. Errick, J.E. (1981). Effects of phosphoethanolamine and ethanolamine on growth of mammary carcinoma cells in culture. Exp. Cell Res. 136, 137-145. 

Serum, drain fluid, SF ELISA Higher levels present in SF of RA patients compared with serum of normal donors and drain fluids from lymph node resection of mammary carcinoma. Higher levels compared with gout and OA. 139, 145, 187, 191... 

With mice bearing mammary carcinoma implants, XA1PcS2 concentrations in the tumor peaked at 2-24 h after injection, while XA1PcS4 peaked at 1-2 h. With a DLI of 24 h and a drug dose of lOmgkg the sequence of PDT activities was... 

Li S, Levesque C, Geng CS, Yan X, Labrie F (1995) Inhibitory effects of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) and the pure antiestrogen EM-219 on estrone (El)-stimulated growth of dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)-induced mammary carcinoma in the rat. Breast Cancer Res Treat 34 147-159... 

Van de Velde P, Nique F, Bouchoux F, Bremaud J, Hameau MC, Lucas D, Moratille C, Viet S, Philibert D, Teutsch G (1994) RU 58 668, a new pure antiestrogen inducing a regression of human mammary carcinoma implanted in nude mice. J Steroid Bio Chem Mol Biol 48 187-196... 

Hurwitz, A. A. et al., CTLA-4 blockade synergizes with tumor-derived granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor for treatment of an experimental mammary carcinoma, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 95, 10067, 1998. 

Nickel water-soluble salts were also reported to induce chromosome aberrations in CHO cells [444, 445] and in mouse mammary carcinoma cells [260, 446], Changes in growth control and chromosome aberrations in human bronchial cells were demonstrated in vitro after exposure to nickel sulphate the changes were insufficient to cause the cells to be tumourigenic [447], Nickel chloride was unable to produce chromosome aberrations in vivo in mammalian male germ cells [448],... 

Griffin and coworkers (U.K.) reported work on ECT of mammary carcinoma in mice.67 Tumor destruction was found to be significantly greater, for a given charge, when anode was implanted in the tumor with cathode outside it. The results demonstrated a linear relationship between the volume of tumor regression induced and the quantity of electric charge passed. 

Inverse Relationship between Protease Inhibitors and Metastatic Ability. All proteases, apart from possibly CD, appear to be controlled by endogenous inhibitors. In theory, therefore, the ability of malignant cells to produce metastasis could depend not only on the levels of the specific protease, but also on the concentration of relevant endogenous inhibitors. Thus, the presence of high levels of protease inhibitors might inhibit metastasis, while low levels of inhibitors might enhance metastasis. An inverse relationship between a number of specific inhibitors and metastatic potential has now been shown. Some examples of this type of relationship include TIMP-1 in Swiss 3T3 cells (K4), cysteine protease inhibitors in mouse melanoma cells (R6), and an alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor in rat mammary carcinomas (N2). Furthermore, a newly described serine protease inhibitor, known as maspin, was found to be expressed less frequently in advanced human breast cancers compared with early cancers (Z2). 

Fig. 4. (A) Normalized absorption (solid line) and fluorescence emission (dotted line) spectrum of diglucamide indotricarbocyanine 4 in bovine plasma (concentration 2 pmol/L ) (B) fluorescence image of a tumor-bearing rat (MTLn-3 mammary carcinoma) in anterior view at 0 h and (C) 24 h after administration of 4 (dose 2 pmol/kg body weight), excitation wavelength 740 nm, detection bandpass 750 - 800 nm [45], Copyright 2001 International Society for Optical Engineering (SPIE)...

The Catharanthus (Vincd) alkaloids, vinblastine (4) and vincristine (5), are not only very useful anticancer agents, but are also bona fide lead compounds. A semisynthetic vinblastine (4) analogue, vinorelbine (52) is indicated for lung and mammary carcinomas. Vinflunine was further developed from vinorelbine, and has shown promise in phase II clinical trials. >93... 

Mammary carcinomas and forestomach papillomas were observed in mice after gavage administration. DBA has also been shown to cause skin papillomas and carcinomas in mice when applied dermally 3 times/week for a lifetime.Subcutaneous injection of Ipmol of DBA three times weekly for 20 doses induced injection site sarcomas in 100% of female Sprague-Dawley rats by 33 weeks. ... 

The tumorigenic potential of vinyl chloride has been confirmed in a number of animal studies. Zymbal gland carcinomas, nephroblastomas, and angiosarcomas were the prevailing mmors in treated rats. Results ranged Irom a 16% tumor incidence at an exposure level of 2 50 ppm to a 39% incidence at 10,000 ppm. In mice, liver angiosarcomas, pulmonary adenomas, and mammary carcinomas were observed after exposures ranging from 50 to 10,000 ppm. The development of some tumors was more dependent on duration of exposure than on concentration of vinyl chloride. ... 

Borner C, Wyss R, Regazzi R, Eppenberger U, Fabbro D (1987) Immunological quantitation of phospholipid/Ca -dependent protein kinase of human mammary carcinoma cells inverse relationship to estrogen receptors. Int ) Cancer 40 344-348... 

In 1970, Rice et al. studied a diverse range of 3-substituted 1,2,3,4-tetrahydrocarba-zole derivatives in a preliminary pharmacological screening for general stimulation, depression, and autonomic activity, and found that 3-carboethoxy-9-(3-dimethyl-aminopropyl)-l,2,3,4-tetrahydrocarbazole (461) exhibited growth inhibition at a concentration of 1 gg/mL in mammary carcinoma tissue (400). These studies were based on the carcinogenic activity observed for the bis-angular bis-benzocarbazoles reported by Buu-Hoi et al. (401). 

Murata R, Nishimura Y, Hiraoka M. An antiangiogenic agent (TNP-470) inhibited reoxygenation during fractionated radiotherapy of murine mammary carcinoma. Int J Rad Oncol Biol Phys 1997 37 1107-1113. 

Contessa JN, Reardon DB, Todd D, et al. The inducible expression of dominant-negative epidermal growth factor receptor-CD533 results in radiosensitization of human mammary carcinoma cells. Clin Cancer Res 1999 5 405 111. 

In vivo, letrozole (3) was efficacious in two animal models. One was a postmenopausal hormone-dependent breast cancer mouse model, the other was a dimethylbenz[a]-anthracene (DMBA)-induced mammary carcinoma rat model. 

Endo M, Jain RK, Witwer B, Brown D (1999) Water channel (aquaporin 1) expression and distribution in mammary carcinomas and glioblastomas. Microvasc Res 58 89-98 Fang X, Yang B, Matthay MA, Verkman AS (2002) Evidence against aquaporin-1-dependent C02 permeability in lung and kidney. J Physiol 542 63-69... 

It is used in debilitating illness, postmenopausal osteoporosis, burn or major illness, postmenopausal metastatic mammary carcinoma, haemolytic, hypoplastic or malignancy associated anaemias. 

Shibata, M.A., J. Morimoto, and Y. Otsuki, Suppression of murine mammary carcinoma growth and metastasis by HSVtk/GCV gene therapy using in vivo electroporation. Cancer Gene Ther, 2002. 9(1) 16-27. 

SUKUMAR, S., Notario, V., Martin-Zanca, D., AND Barbacid, M. (1983). Induction of mammary carcinomas in rats by nitroso-methylurea involves malignant activation of H-ras-1 locus by single point mutations, Nature 306, 658. 

Betula mandshurica (Regel) Nakai B. platyphylla Suk. Bai Hua (White birch tree) (bark, tree sap) Betuloside, betulafolienetriol, betulafolienetetraol, betulin.48-50 Anticancer, mammary carcinoma. 

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