Lymphoma nervous system

Kidney renal pelvis 19,600 (3%) Non-Hodgkin lymphoma 9,600 (3%) Brain other nervous system 5,590 (2%)... 

Jahnke K, Coupland SE, Na IK, et al. Expression of the chemokine receptors CXCR4, CXCR5, and CCR7 in primary central nervous system lymphoma. Blood 2005 106 384-5. 

Because of its antiviral and anticancer effects, IFN-a is used in the treatment of hepatitis and various forms of cancer, such as Kaposi s sarcoma, non-Hodgkin s lymphoma, and hairy cell leukemia. Exhibit 4.8 describes the treatment of hepatitis C with IFN- . IFN-jS is used for treating multiple sclerosis, a chronic disease of the nervous system. The medical application of IFN-y is for cancer, AIDS, and leprosy. 

Inpus erythematosus A chronic inflammatory disease of connective tissue, affecting the skin and internal organs, lymphoma A malignant tumor of the lymph nodes, multiple sclerosis A disease of the nervous system, myelodysplasia Abnormal or defective formation of the bone marrow. Mycoplasma Minute primitive bacteria without a rigid cell wall. Mycoplasma pneumoniae causes atypical pneumonia in humans, myeloma cells Malignant tumor cells. 

Somatostain receptors Neuroendocrine tumors, lymphomas, renal cell carcinoma, breast tumors (50 %), tumors of nervous systems... 

The serum immunoglobulins, in particular the IgM concentrations, are depressed in patients with Burkitt s lymphoma. All patients with central nervous system (CNS) involvement had IgM in their CSF, and subunits of IgM were detected in the urines of some Burkitt s lymphoma patients. The cellular immune responses were reported to be intact, but the humoral immunity was depressed in most patients with Burkitt s lymphoma. 

Anti-TNF therapy can give rise to serious reactions, including anaphylaxis, sometimes fatal blood disorders, tuberculosis and other infections, rare reports of lymphoma and solid tissue cancers, rare reports of serious liver injury, rare reports of drug induced lupus and rare reports of demyelinating central nervous system disorders, which prompted the FDA to change the respective labeling of these drugs. 

Procarbazine Methylates DNA and inhibits DNA synthesis and function Flodgkin s and non-Flodgkin s lymphoma, brain tumors Central nervous system depression Myelosuppression, hypersensitivity reactions... 

Methotrexate Inhibits DHFR inhibits TS inhibits de novo purine nucleotide synthesis Breast cancer, head and neck cancer, osteogenic sarcoma, primary central nervous system lymphoma, non-Hodgkin s lymphoma, bladder cancer, chorioca rcinoma Mucositis, diarrhea, myelosuppression with neutropenia and thrombocytopenia... 

Methyl methancsulfonate was tested for carcinogenicity in rats by subcutaneous and intraperitoneal injection, producing local tumours and tumours of the nervous system. Following oral administration to mice, it increased the incidence of lung tmnours and of lymphomas. In rats, it produced neurogenic tumours after administration of a single dose as well as following prenatal exposure (lARC, 1974). 

Xylene was mentioned as an exposure in four studies. Two were community-based case-control studies, one of which involved brain cancer and one involved several types of cancer. The two industry-based studies were configured as nested case-control studies, one of central nervous system tumours and one of several sites. In none of these studies was xylene the sole or predominant exposure. Cancers at most sites were not significantly associated with xylene exposure in any study. Incidence of colorectal cancer was significantly elevated in the Canadian case-control study, but no other study reported colorectal cancer results. Hodgkin s disease was elevated in one study non-Hodgkin lymphoma was elevated in one study, but not in another. Most results were based on small numbers. In... 

B27. Burke, J. S., Waldeyer s ring, sinonasal region, salivary gland, thyroid gland, central nervous system and other extranodal lymphomas and lymphoid hyperplasias. In Neoplastic Hematopathology (D. M. Knowles, ed.), pp. 1351-1389. Lippincott Williams Wilkins, Philadelphia, PA, 2001. 

Cancer is uncommon during the first two decades of life, but is nonetheless a substantial concern. In the United States, cancer is diagnosed in approximately 12 400 children and adolescents annually and is the most common cause of death from any kind of disease between 1 and 19 years of age. In the United States and other developed countries, lymphoid neoplasms (leukaemia, lymphoma) and cancers of the central nervous system are the most common paediatric malignancies. Other kinds of childhood tumours include embryonal tumours of the retina, sympathetic nervous system, kidney, and liver tumours of bone and soft connective tissues and certain gonadal neoplasms. Different kinds of cancer (e.g. carcinomas of liver or thyroid) may predominate in children in parts of the world where specific environmental risk factors are more prevalent. 

Oral cavity pharynx Kidney renal pelvis Non-Hodgkin lymphoma Brain other nervous system... 

In contrast to T cells, in different immunopathologies, the brain provides a fostering envkonment to B cells. Primary central nervous system (CNS) lymphomas are usually of B cell origin. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with chronic infections and autoimmune diseases of the CNS typically contains remarkably stable oligoclonal Ig bands. In the CNS of multiple sclerosis patients, clonally expanded B cells and plasma cells persist. Ectopic B cell follicles develop in the meninges of patients with secondary progressive MS, and B cell differentiation may be recapitulated in the CNS of MS patients (Krumbholz et al., 2006) (see Chapters 18-24). 

The late effect of chemotherapy and radiotherapy for nervous system lymphoma has been studied in 15 patients 10 had severe symptomatic diffuse changes in the white matter within 8 months of completing treatment (33). 

Herrlmger U, Schabet M, Brugger W, Kortmaim RD, Kanz L, Bamberg M, Dichgans J, Weller M. Primary central nervous system lymphoma 1991-1997 outcome and late adverse effects after combmed modality treatment. Cancer 2001 91(l) 130-5. 

In another study children aged 0-14 years with leukemia (n — 150), lymphomas (n = 46), central nervous system tumors (n — 79), a range of other solid tumours (n = 142), and a subset of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (n = 129) were compared with 111 children matched for age and sex (30). Odds ratios showed no significant positive association for leukemias (1.30 0.83, 2.03), acute lymphoblastic leukemia (1.21 0.74, 1.97), lymphomas (1.06 0.46, 2.42), central nervous system tumors (0.74 0.40, 1.34), and other solid tumors (0.59 0.37, 0.96). There was no association with acute Ijmphoblastic leukemia in children aged 1-6 years. The authors concluded that they had not confirmed the observation of an increased risk of childhood leukemia and cancer associated with intramuscular vitamin K. 

Leukemia Brain and nervous system Endocrine Hodgkin s lymphoma... 

High plasma levels occur in renal failure, inflammation, and neoplasms, especially those associated with B lymphocytes. BMG assay may be used to test renal tubular function, particularly in kidney transplant recipients in whom rejection of the allograft manifests as diminished tubular function (see Chapter 45). Serial assays of BMG are also useful to monitor B-celi tumors. In acute leukemia and lymphoma with central nervous system (CNS) involvement, the level of BMG is increased in CSF and in Sjogren s syndrome with... 

ALL, acute lymphocytic leukemia APL, acute promyelocytic leukemia CL, creatinine clearance CNS, central nervous system HD, Hodgkin s disease KS, Kaposi s sarcoma NHL, non-Hodgkin s lymphoma NSCLC, non-small-cell lung cancer. 

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