Kidney and renal

Cys/tt/sUnflammation of the bladder i/reffirft/sUnflammation of the urethra Prosfaf/f/s-inflammation of the male prostate gland Pyefonephritis-inflammation of the kidney and renal pelvis... 

Lactic acidosis can occur after the use of intravascular iodinated contrast agents in patients taking metformin. Metformin is excreted by the kidneys, and renal insufficiency can lead to its retention, which can cause fatal lactic acidosis. The manufacturers have recommended that metformin should be withdrawn for 48 hours before and 48 hours after the administration of intravascular contrast media, which can cause renal damage, and treatment should not be restarted until normal renal function is confirmed. Reviews of reported cases of lactic acidosis after contrast administration have shown that there was pre-existing renal impairment in all cases. A retrospective evaluation of patients taking metformin who underwent... 

AndreucciVE,ConteG, Dal Canton A, DiMinnoG,Usberti M.The causal role of salt depletion in acute renal failure due to captopril in hypertensive patients with a single functioning kidney and renal artery stenosis. Renal Failure 1987 10 9-20. 

Methotrexate is readily filtered by the kidneys, and renal clearance is influence by both tubular secretion [139, 140, 141, 142] and tubular reabsorption [142]. Intravenous administration of methotrexate 140-350 mg/kg [<6h infusion] results in 70-94% of the dose appearing in the urine over 24 h [143]. In contrast, when methotrexate is administered as a 24-h continuous infusion, 60% of the dose is excreted in the mine during the 24-h infusion [144]. Approximately 10% of the dose is excreted in the urine as 7-hydroxymethotrexate [143,144]. The 7-hydroxy metabohte is important since it may contribute to the renal toxicity of methotrexate [148] and this moiety becomes a significant metabolite when methotrexate doses are 50 mg/kg or greater [145]. Following oral administration of methotrexate a lesser fraction of the dose is recovered in the urine than following intravenous administration [141]. This may reflect the dose-dependent incomplete absorption of methotrexate [141,146,147]. Methotrexate is highly bound to plasma proteins. 

B. Genes and classification rv. ROLES OF D. Kidney and renal clearance... 

Lung and Bronchus Colon and Rectum Kidney and Renal Pelvis Breast Ovary Testicular Prostate ... 

Lung and Bronchus Prostate Colon and Rectum Pancreas Leukemia Esophagus Liver and Intrahepatic Bile Duct Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Urinary Bladder Kidney and Renal Pelvis... 

Bagi P, Jorgensen A, Juul A, Leffers H (2010) Expression of the vitamin D receptor, 25-hydroxy-lases, la-hydroxylase and 24-hydroxylase in the 2459. human kidney and renal clear cell cancer. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 121 376-382 Blomberg Jensen M, Jorgensen A, Nielsen JE,... 

Malignant tumors of the kidney and renal pelvis account for 3% of all adult malignancies. There were -31,200 new cases in 2000 contributing to -11,900 deaths in the United States [1]. Renal cell carcinoma is the most common primary malignant tumor of the kidney and occurs in both sporadic and hereditary forms [2]. Most cases are sporadic, but at... 

Measurements include longitudinal (Fig. 1.1.2) and transverse size of each kidney and renal pelvis AP diameter. Results have to be compared to those of prior examinations (sonographic, prenatal, or others) as well as to normal values (Siegel 1995). Echogenicity... 

Riccabona M, Riccabona M, Koen M, Beckers G, Schindler M, Heinisch M, Maier C, Langsteger W, Lusuardi L (2004) Magnetic resonance urography a new gold standard for the evaluation of solitary kidneys and renal buds J Urol 171 1642-1646... 

In most cases renal agenesis can be regarded as a manifestation of a spectrum including hydronephrosis - cortical cysts (Potter type IV) - hypo-plastic/dysplastic or multicystic dysplastic kidneys - and renal agenesis depending on the time of the interaction of a disruption (e.g. obstruction). Dysplastic kidneys often vanish during life completely. 

Chitty LS, Altman DG (2003) Charts of fetal size kidney and renal pelvis measurements. Prenat Diagn 23 891-897... 

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