Anticancer effect

The therapeutic ratio of antineoplastic agents, which is defined by the dose necessary to cause a significant anticancer effect divided by the dose effecting significant side effects, is generally low (near to one). 

Newer uses have appeared in the treatment of viral diseases including AIDS, alteration of the immune response, and cancer. The lithium salt of 7-linolenic acid (LiGLA) has a significant anticancer effect against certain cancers. The neurochemical basis for lithium action is difficult to define. Lithium carbonate induces a wide range of intra- and extracellular changes—most emphasis has been naturally on the similarities with Na/K/Ca/Mg ions. Lithium selectively interferes with the inositol lipid cycle, representing a unified hypothesis of action. The biochemistry, distribution, and cellular localization of lithium has been extensively documented. 

Aktas, H., Fluckiger, R., Acosta, J. A., Savage, J. M., Palakurthi, S. S., and Halperin, J. A. (1998). Depletion of intracellular Ca2+ stores, phosphorylation of eIF2alpha, and sustained inhibition of translation initiation mediate the anticancer effects of clotrimazole. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 95, 8280-8285. 

Rather than inhibiting the catalytic function of GST Pl-1, GST Pl-l-activated prodrugs undergo GST Pl-1 catalyzed breakdown to release a molecule that is the active species responsible for the anticancer effect. 

Because of its antiviral and anticancer effects, IFN-a is used in the treatment of hepatitis and various forms of cancer, such as Kaposi s sarcoma, non-Hodgkin s lymphoma, and hairy cell leukemia. Exhibit 4.8 describes the treatment of hepatitis C with IFN- . IFN-jS is used for treating multiple sclerosis, a chronic disease of the nervous system. The medical application of IFN-y is for cancer, AIDS, and leprosy. 

Matthews, N., Neale, M.L., Jackson, S.K., and Stark, J.M., 1987, Tumor cell kilhng by tumor necrosis factor inhibition by anearobiotic condition, free-radical scavengers and inhibitors of arachidonate metabolism. Immunology 62 153-155 Miller, M.G., Rodgers, A., and Cohen, G.M., 1986, Mechanisms oftoxicity of naphthoquinones to isolated hepatocytes. Biochem. Pharmacol. 35 1177-1184 Minko, T., Kopeckova, P., and Kopecek, J., 1999, Comparison ofthe anticancer effect of free and HPMA copolymer-bound adtiamycin in human ovarian carcinoma cells. Pharmaceut. Res. 16 986-996... 

Azaguanine is inhibitory to several experimental animal tumour systems [444], but is not highly active. Clinically its toxicity has been more apparent than its anticancer effects [362, 363]. 

Riggs DR, Jackson B, Vona-Davis L, McFadden D. In vitro anticancer effects of a novel immunos-timulant keyhole limpet hemocyanin. J Surg Res 2002 108(2) 279-84. 

M. AghI, C.M. Kramm, T.C. Chou, X.O. Breakefleld, E.A. Chlocca, Synergistic anticancer effects of ganciclovir/thymidine kinase and 5-fluorocytoslne/cytoslne deaminase gene therapies, J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 90 (1998) 370-380. 

Lignans Anticancer effects Adolphe et al. (2010), Torres-Sanchez et al. (2008), Fini et al. (2008)... 

Conjugate was too toxic in vivo to be effective. Succinylation of lysine side chains decreased toxicity, but eliminated anticancer effect against LS180 colon carcinoma... 

Numerous methodologies have been developed. Generally, in vitro methods used to show the anticancer effect of compounds are based upon the determination of the number of viable cells or cell colonies present in a treated population of cells relative to the number of cells or colonies present in an untreated... 

ROLE OF CELL CYCLE KINETICS ANTICANCER EFFECT... 

Anticancer effect of 9-nitrocamptothecin liposome aerosol on human cancer xenografts in nude mice. Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol. 44 177-186. 

Historical reviews have revealed a number of clinical observations in which cancers were reported to regress in patients with bacterial infections. At least some of the anticancer effects of Streptococcal infections are mediated through... 

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