Solid Tissue

Cells in vivo exist either attached to a surface or free in suspension. Adherent cell lines originate from cells of solid tissue. Breast carcinoma cell lines (such as MCF7, T47D, and SK-BR-3) are adherent cultures, and these cells are grown on the surface of plastic flasks that have been treated to facilitate adhesion (see Fig. 6.2). Suspension culture cell lines originate from cells that exist in suspension, such as those cells present in the blood and the lymphatic system (see Fig. 6.3). 

The sample materials from which proteins for proteomics studies may be extracted include fresh or snap-frozen cells from varied sources such as biological fluids, (serum, urine, plasma) and solid tissues such as biopsy specimens. Moreover, proteins isolated from ethanol-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues can be utilized for MS analysis.2 Protocols for the identification of proteins from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues have been recently developed.3 4 FFPE materials are the most common forms of biopsy archives utilized worldwide, and represent an important advancement for the large-scale interrogation of proteins in archival patient-derived materials. Finally, laser capture microdissected tissues have been successfully used for MS analysis.45... 

Products produced from solid tissue sources (excluding procoagulants, venoms, blood products, etc.)... 

If the desire in examining cells in culture is to relate the findings to solid tissues, then the investigator may opt to test the cultured cells as though they were a solid tissue by embedding and sectioning them. 

Confrontation cultures between tumor spheroids and solid tissues 3-D from 3-D Insight into biological processes and involved molecules, mimic of in vivo microenvironment via invasion into embryoid bodies or explanted tissues Histological analysis and quantification necessary, low throughput (133, 134)... 

Anti-TNF therapy can give rise to serious reactions, including anaphylaxis, sometimes fatal blood disorders, tuberculosis and other infections, rare reports of lymphoma and solid tissue cancers, rare reports of serious liver injury, rare reports of drug induced lupus and rare reports of demyelinating central nervous system disorders, which prompted the FDA to change the respective labeling of these drugs. 

Abscess. A circumscribed collection of pus a cavity formed by liquefaction necrosis within the solid tissue. 

Citrus fruits and associated products (fruit juices, peeled fresh fruit) are a major dietary source of flavanones (Table 13) [35]. However, the distribution is quite scattered, and much higher concentrations are found in the solid tissues compared to the juice. For example, an individual drinking orange juice (250 ml) will have a daily flavone intake (as aglycones) in the range of 25-60 mg eating the flesh of a whole orange (200 g) will provide about 125-375 mg. 

If cell suspensions are used as starting material, then omit steps 1-4. Centrifuge the suspension from cultures or dissociated from solid tissues at 1000 rpm for 5 min and decant the fixative... 

Pallavicini, M. G (1987) Solid tissue dispersal for cytokinetic analyses, m Techniques in Cell Cycle Analysis (Gray, J. W and Darzynewicz, Z., eds.), Humana, Clifton, NJ, pp. 139-162. 

U(VI) Th(IV) Solid (tissue paper/oxide) TOPO, TBP, acac, HDEHP, CMPO, etc. Nature of extractant and preheating of tissue paper affected the extraction behavior of uranium (243-245)... 

Culturing of eukaryotic cells is an important element of modern life science. Although there are cells that can grow in free suspension, most cells derived from solid tissues need to be cultured at surfaces and must subsequently be lifted off for further use. Common protocols require the use of digesting enzymes like trypsin for this step, which will destroy any features outside the cell membrane. Hence, with these methods, harvesting of completely intact cells is impossible. Therefore, it was an attractive idea to apply smart polymer surfaces for the control of cell adhesion. 

Table 2.1 shows some adherent and suspension cell lines that are commonly cultured. Cell shape usually reflects their origin. Blood cells (such as those derived from lymphomas) generally grow in suspension, while cells derived from solid tissues (such as kidney and liver) are adherent cells. Typical morphologies of different cell types are shown in Figure 2.4 (see color section). 

Topical dexpanthenol, a stable alcoholic analog of pantothenic acid with good skin penetration, acts like a moisturizer, improves stratum corneum hydration, reduces transepidermal water loss, and maintains skin softness and elasticity. In wound-healing activation of fibroblast proliferation has been observed in vitro and in vivo with dexpanthenol concomitantly with increased elastic and solid tissue regeneration. In skin irritation pretreatment with dexpanthenol resulted in less damage to the stratum corneum barrier, while adjuvant treatment improved the symptoms of dryness, roughness, scaling pruritus, erythema, and erosions considerably. The topical application is well-tolerated with a minimal risk of skin irritation or sensitization.129-132... 

Polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP)-based formulations are hyperosmotic and result in an improved dispersion of plasmids through the extracellular matrix of solid tissues (e.g. muscle), possibly by ... 

Typically foods, feedstuffs, leaves, plants, biological solids, tissue, polymers, etc. Prior to solubilisation these types of sample generally require destruction via wet digestion or ashing in a muffle furnace. A typical procedure featuring a nitric/perchloric acid mixture is reproduced below. 

The preparation of a suspension of leucocytes from solid tissues is comparatively straightforward (Section 3.3.). The preparation of other cells from solid tissues is more difficult the procedures depend on the tissue and the type of cell required (1). Most methods involve the use of proteolytic enzymes that may destroy surface antigens. Frequently, better results are obtained if the cells are put in short-term culture. Section 3.4. gives a method for preparing cells grown on a plastic surface. 

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