Sarcoma osteogenic

MTX is part of curative therapeutic schedules for acute lymphoblastic leukemias (ALL), Burkitt s lymphoma, and choriocarcinoma. It was also used in adjuvant therapy of breast cancer. High dose MTX with leucovorin rescue can induce about 30% remissions in patients with metastatic osteogenic sarcoma. MTX is one of the few antineoplastic drugs that can be safely administered intrathecally for the treatment of meningeal metastases and leukemic infiltrations (routine prophylaxis in ALL). In addition, MTX can be used as an immunosuppressive agent for the treatment of severe rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis. 

Interferon does not only inhibit vims replicahon, it also has mulhple effects on cell metabolism and slows down the growth and mulhplicahon of treated cells. This is probably responsible for its widely reported anhtumour effect Encouraging results have been reported from clinical trials of interferon against several human tumours such as osteogenic sarcoma, myeloma, lymphoma and breast cancer. 

Rat" Injection mixture of r 1565 osteogenic sarcoma — — — Strel tsova (1959)... 

Strel tsova, V. N. (1959). Some Mechanisms of Formation of Radioisotope-Induced Osteogenic Sarcomas, Report No. AEC-tr-4087 (National Technical Information Service, Springfield, Virginia). 

This is an unusual drug in that it contains a metal atom, platinum (Pt) in this case. Cisplatin reacts with DNA to cross-link bases, disrupting normal DNA structure and function. This agent has found broad use in cancer chemotherapy, including efficacy in tumors of the testis, ovary, bladder, head and neck, thyroid, cervix, and endometrium. It is also active against neuroblastoma and osteogenic sarcoma. 

An interesting difference in the experimental antitumor spectra of vinblastine and vincristine was noted in that vinblastine was inactive against the Ridgeway osteogenic sarcoma in mice whereas vincristine strongly inhibited the growth of this tumor. Vindesine inhibited the Ridgeway os-... 

Doxorubicin 1974 Osteogenic sarcoma, Hodgkin s disease, CML, soft tissue sarcoma Inhibitor of DNA replication, transcription, repair [20]... 

The radiation from radium can cause cancer in the lung, osteogenic sarcoma, blood dyscrasias and injury to skin. Inhalation, ingestion, skin contact or body exposure to radium and aU its salts must be avoided. 

High-dose methotrexate administration with leucovorin rescue has produced remissions in 30% of patients with metastatic osteogenic sarcoma. 

Doxorubicin is one of the most effective agents used in the treatment of carcinomas of the breast, ovary, endometrium, bladder, and thyroid and in oat cell cancer of the lung. It is included in several combination regimens for diffuse lymphomas and Hodgkin s disease. Doxorubicin can be used as an alternative to daunorubicin in acute leukemias and is useful in Ewing s sarcoma, osteogenic sarcoma, soft-tissue sarcomas, and neuroblastoma. Some activity has been reported in non-oat cell lung cancer, multiple myeloma, and adenocarcinomas of the stomach, prostate, and testis. 

Phantom limb Amitriptyline 5 mg hs 6-year-old patient with osteogenic sarcoma Rogers, 1989... 

Methotrexate Inhibits DHFR inhibits TS inhibits de novo purine nucleotide synthesis Breast cancer, head and neck cancer, osteogenic sarcoma, primary central nervous system lymphoma, non-Hodgkin s lymphoma, bladder cancer, chorioca rcinoma Mucositis, diarrhea, myelosuppression with neutropenia and thrombocytopenia... 

Recent work has centered upon use of interferon as a therapeutic agent in humans and animals. In humans, local application of monkey interferon is effective in reducing the seventy of vaccinia virus skin infections. Recent results with herpes keratitis and chronic hepatitis are promising. Interferon appears to be active against oncogenic viruses in the treatment of such cancers as osteogenic sarcoma, and at present it is only the limited availability of interferon that pie vents more extensive testing. 

Some of the radium dial painters ingested amounts of radium sufficient to cause death within a few years of their employment. Martland (1931) described the cases of 18 dial painters who died of cancer at ages 20 to 54 years old. Causes of death were listed as anemia, necrosis of the jaw, and osteogenic sarcoma. The typical period of exposure was about two years. 

Osteogenic sarcomas were reported in 3 out of 5 rats administered radium for 20 days by dropper (Evans et al. 1944). Each animal was given a different estimated total dose ranging from 10 to 70 p Ci. The lowest dose to clearly induce a malignancy was 22 pCi (approximately 73 pCi/kg or 2,703 kBq/kg). 

Bone tumors, primarily osteogenic sarcomas, have appeared in the first group of German patients injected with radium-224 (see Section 2.2.4) (Spiess et al. 1989). A total of 56 sarcomas have been found the expected number is 0.2 to 0.3 (Spiess et al. 1989). The lowest total dose associated with a bone tumor was 6.4 pCi/kg (237 kBq/kg) given over two months (Mays and Spiess 1984). 

Humans have not been shown to develop specific adverse effects as a result of exposure to radium. Osteogenic sarcoma and cataracts are associated with radium exposure but can also result from other causes. Similarly, chromosomal aberrations may result from radium exposure as well as from other factors such as cigarette smoking or occupational exposure to solvents. 

Intermediate-Duration Exposure. There are no data on intermediate-duration exposure of humans to radium via the inhalation, oral, or dermal routes. There are no data on animals exposed via inhalation or the dermal route. The only information located was a very limited 20-day oral study in rats that resulted in osteogenic sarcomas. The data were not sufficient to calculate an MRL by any route. The available toxicokinetic data show that radium can be absorbed and retained after inhalation or oral exposure, although quantitative data are lacking. It would be useful to have information on the effects of intermediate-duration exposure to radium via inhalation, oral, and dermal routes in order to help assess the potential health effects of exposure to radium in the vicinity of hazardous waste sites and other settings, and to evaluate the possibility of long-range effects such as cancer that may emerge years later. 

Dvorak V, Kofranek V, Malatova I, et al. 1978. Osteogenic sarcomas in mice after 224Ra or 226Ra administrations. In Muller WA, Ebert HG, eds. Biological effects of Ra. Brussels, Belgium CEC, 109-119. 

Evans RD, Harris RS, Bunker JW. 1944. Radium metabolism in rats and the production of osteogenic sarcoma by experimental radium poisoning. Am J Roentgenol Radium Therapy 52 353-373. 

Martland H. 1931. The occurrence of malignancy in radioactive persons A general review of data gathered in the study of the radium dial painters, with special reference to the occurrence of osteogenic sarcoma and the inter-relationship of certain blood diseases. Am J Cancer 15 2435-2515. 

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