Local authorities Australia

The saltmarsh mosquito pc. vigilax) is a major vector species of the Ross River virus (Epidemic Polyarthritis) in coastal Queensland, Australia. During summer months, widespread spraying of larvae populations is carried out by local authorities in coastal mangrove environments in an attempt to lower mosquito population levels and reduce the incidence of disease transmission. Given the... 

Validation To understand the performance of the instrument, including limitations. Measurement uncertainty for the instrument, and specifically for individual target materials, is required to assist in interpretation, that is, to determine what constitutes a significant difference between samples. The validation protocol should be developed in line with guidelines provided by the local accreditation body (e.g., the National Association of Testing Authorities, Australia, NATA [184,185]) while taking into consideration the relevance of... 

In Australia, approval of clinical trials involves both the regulatory authority and an ethics committee. Under the Clinical Trial Exemption (CTX) scheme, a clinical trial proposal must first be evaluated by the TGA, and then approved by an ethics committee on-site. Under the Clinical Trial Notification (CTN) scheme, a trial is evaluated and approved by the local ethics committee, and then notified to the TGA. 

A much more recent occurrence was in January 1984, in the state of Queensland, Australia, when an extortionist threatened to infect the livestock with foot-and-mouth disease if certain prison reforms were not undertaken. Authorities could not afford to take this threat lightly Queensland is home to 60% of the Australian beef industry. The Australian government sought urgent and highly secret consultations with the United States and some of its other allies. The threat was ultimately determined to be a hoax perpetrated by a local convict however, the economic implications of such an attack are obvious, and even the Australian authorities concluded that it would have been almost impossible to prevent.22... 

A second, this time anecdotal, example was observed at a meeting attended by one of the authors in 2009. A local government councillor in southeast South Australia, responding to arguments by the state road safety authorities that lowering speed... 

Essential oils derived from a wide range of native plants are commercially available and used for a wide range of purposes in Australia. Some are informally promoted in the local community as alternatives to synthetic repellents and are often perceived to be a safer alternative to synthetic products. Accurate information is required on the potential of these products to provide protection from biting mosquitoes so that they can be ineorporated into the personal protection advice provided by loeal authorities. It is partieularly important to avoid providing a false sense of protection to individuals and inadvertently inereasing the risk of disease transmission. 

Although a number of studies have investigated the effectiveness of registered repellents in Australia, few have tested those containing botanical active ingredients. In the absence of comparisons between the commonly registered products in Australia, it is difficult for local health authorities to provide adequate advice on repellent use. 

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