Juveniles

Farnesol derivatives also have juvenile hormone activity. 

Insect juvenile hormone Insect repellents Insect resistance Insects... 

L. 1. Gilbert, ed.. The Juvenile Hormones, Plenum Press, New York, 1976. 

There are multiple causes of diabetes. Whereas the molecular bases of some forms of diabetes are well understood, in many cases etiologies are unknown. It is customary to divide diabetes into two main forms insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), also referred to as Type I or juvenile-onset diabetes, and noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), also called Type II or maturity-onset diabetes (3). 

Cinnamyl—sesamol ethers, eg (35), are useful as insect chemosterilants (111). 3,4-Methylenedioxyphenyl-3-halo-2-propynyl ethers (36, X = halogen) are synergists for carbamate insecticides (112). HaloaLkyl or haloalkenyl ethers, eg (37), show acaricidal and insect juvenile hormone activity (113). The first total synthesis of gibbereUic acid was from 2-methoxy-6-aLkoxyethyl-l,4-benzoquinone, a derivative of hydroxyhydroquinone (114). 

Other distinct classes of wood in a tree include the portion formed in the first 10—12 years of a tree s growth, ie, juvenile wood, and the reaction wood formed when a tree s growth is distorted by external forces. Juvenile fibers from softwoods are slightly shorter and the cell walls thinner than mature wood fibers. Reaction wood is of two types because the two classes of trees react differentiy to externally applied stresses. Tension wood forms in hardwoods and compression wood forms in softwoods. Compression wood forms on the side of the tree subjected to compression, eg, the underside of a leaning tmnk or branch. Tension wood forms on the upper or tension side. Whereas in compression wood, the tracheid cell wall is thickened until the lumen essentially disappears, in tension wood, tme fiber lumens are filled with a gel layer of hemiceUulose. 

For many years, there has been concern by medical professionals and nutritionists over the effects of dietary sugar on human health. Sucrose has been imphcated as a cause of juvenile hyperactivity, tooth decay, diabetes meUitus, obesity, atherosclerosis, hypoglycemia, and nutrient deficiencies. 

Fig. 3. Lethal temperature thresholds for aquatic species. Patterns are general for all species, but exact temperatures are species-specific, (a) Tolerance polygon of upper and lower lethal (50%) temperatures for one-week exposures of an example species (juvenile sockeye salmon) which has been held at the acclimation temperature, with more restrictive thresholds indicated as dashed lines (b) time-dependent mortaUty (50%) of an example species (juvenile chinook salmon) at temperatures above the one-week lethal threshold after hoi ding at different acclimation temperatures. The dashed line ABC indicates transition to less than 50% mortaUty at lower temperatures and coincides with the upper lethal threshold of this species tolerance polygon. Reproduced by...

Fig. 13. Juvenile Asiatic clams passiag through a water iatake screea.

Thiiranes (77) show some juvenile hormone activity, but the epoxide is often more active. Thiophosphates of 2-mercaptomethylthiirane are strong contact insecticides 2-chloromethylthiirane and4-vinyl- 1,2-epithiocyclohexane are nematocides. Severalthiirane 1 -oxides are reported to be insecticides, molluscicides and herbicides (68USP3413306). 1,2-Epithio-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene is a mild herbicide. 

It was agreed at the workshop that endocrine disrupting activity could only be adequately defined in terms of effects in intact animals, be they juvenile or adult, or in the offspring of exposed parents. For many chemicals, evidence of endocrine disrupting activity has been obtained only by the use of in vitro models, such as hormone binding assays. It was accepted, therefore, that chemicals active in such models should be considered only as potential EDs and should be distinguished from those established as active in vivo. For such chemicals, an alternative definition was recommended ... 

Insects, crustaceans, platehelminthes, nematodes and annelids use homoses-quiterpenoid epoxides (juvenile hormones) and ecdysteroids (ecdysone, 20-... 

Unsymmetrical trans vinyl halides have been prepared from acetylenic alcohols by Corey and co-workers (as illustrated in the accompanying formulation) in connection with their synthesis of farnesol and Gecropia juvenile hormone. Several syntheses of vinyl halides (with... 

Methyl (2 6 .10 -10 1 l-epoxy-3 7,ll-trimethyltridecadienoate (the juvenile hormone of the tobacco homworm)... 

---