Juveniles aggregation

Masticophis taeniatus Lab Juvenile Aggregation Skin Parker and Brown, 1980... 

Thamnophis couchi Lab Juvenile Aggregation Natural Heller and Halpern, 1981... 

Abstract Pheromones are utilized by many insects in a complex chemical communication system. This review will look at the biosynthesis of sex and aggregation pheromones in the model insects, moths, flies, cockroaches, and beetles. The biosynthetic pathways involve altered pathways of normal metabolism of fatty acids and isoprenoids. Endocrine regulation of the biosynthetic pathways will also be reviewed for the model insects. A neuropeptide named pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide regulates sex pheromone biosynthesis in moths. Juvenile hormone regulates pheromone production in the beetles and cockroaches, while 20-hydroxyecdysone regulates pheromone production in the flies. 

Harring C. M. (1978) Aggregation pheromones of the European fir engraver beetles Pityokteines curvidens, P. spinidens, andE vorontzovi and the role of juvenile hormone in pheromone biosynthesis. Z. angew. Entomol. 85, 281-317. 

Tittiger C., Blomquist G. J., Ivarsson P., Borgeson C. E. and Seybold S. J. (1999) Juvenile hormone regulation of HMG-R gene expression in the bark beetle, Ips paraconfusus (Coleoptera Scolytidae) implications for male aggregation pheromone biosynthesis. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 55, 121-127. 

Ignell R., Couillaud F. and Anton S. (2001) Juvenile-hormone-mediated plasticity of aggregation behaviour and olfactory processing in adult desert locusts. J. Exp. Biol. 204, 249-259. 

Kiesewetter H, Jung E, Jung EM, et al. Effect of garlic on platelet aggregation in patients with increased risk of juvenile ischaemic attack. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1993 43 333-336. 

Three examples demonstrate the importance of E3 proteins to nor-mal cell tunction. Proteins that are not broken down owing to a de-fective E3 may accumulate to create a disease of protein aggregation such as juvenile and early-onset Parkinson disease. A defect in another member of the E3 family causes Angelman syndrome, a severe neurological disorder diaracterized by mental retardation, absence of speech, uncoordinated movement, and hyperactivity. Conversely, uncontrolled protein turnover can create dangerous pathological conditions. For example, human papilloma virus (HPV) encodes a protein that activates a specific E3 enzyme. The enzyme ubiquitinates the tumor suppressor p53 and other proteins that control DNA repair, which are then destroyed. The activation of this E3 enzvme is observed in more than 90 /u of cervical carcinomas. Thus, the... 

Lowe, E.F. and Turner, E.L., 1976. Aggregation and trailfollowing in juvenile Bursofella leachii pleii. Veliger, 19 153—155. 

TILLMAN, J.A., LU, F., STAEHLE, L., DONALDSON, Z DWINELL, S.C., TITTIGER, C., HALL, G.M., STORER, A.J., BLOMQUIST, G.J., SEYBOLD, S.J., Juvenile hormone regulates de novo isoprenoid aggregation pheromone biosynthesis in pine bark beetles, Ips spp. (Coleoptera Scolytidae), through transcriptional control of HMG-CoA reductase, J. Chem. Ecol, 2004,30, 2335-2358. 

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