Juvenile hormone analogs insecticides

Analogs of juvenile hormones found in plants include the juvoclmenes in Ocimum basillcum, juvablone in Abies balsamea, and farnesol in many plant oils (lA). These natural plant products have never been used commercially as a source of insecticides, but they have served as model compounds for the development of synthetic juvenile hormone analogs such as kinoprene and methoprene (Figure 5). 

The two naturally occurring drug and insecticide adjuvants, sesamin and sesamolin from sesame oil, were found to posses modest juvenile hormone activity and served as models for the design of the first aromatic juvenile hormone analogs (12. 13.). 

Induction of carboxylesterases and epoxide hydroloases would also affect the toxicity of insecticides. For example, host plant induction of 1-naphthyl acetate esterase would decrease the toxicity of certain insecticides containing an ester linkage such as organo-phosphates, pyrethroids, and some juvenile hormone analogs and, possibly, carbamates. 

Knowledge and understanding of how hormones regulate cellular processes in mosquitoes may be of great importance for controlling their reproduction. Conceivably, new types of insecticides may be developed that interfere with hormonal regulation, as for example, does the juvenile hormone analog (methoprene). 

Herbert Oberlander coordinated the section that features chapters on sac-specific selection using chimeric genes potential applications of neuroendocrine research to insect control insect cuticle structure and metabolism molecular aspects of immune mechanisms in insects molecular genetics of nerve insensitivity resistance to insecticides and inhibition of juvenile hormone esterase by transition-state analogs. 

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