Juvenile Court

In juvenile court T.L.O. s attorney argued that the search hy the vice principal had violated the girl s privacy under the Fourth Amendment. However, while the court did agree that the Fourth Amendment did apply to searches in schools, the search of T.L.O. s purse met the standard of being reasonable under the circumstances. The appeals court also upheld the search, but the New Jersey Supreme Court reversed the decision, calling the search unreasonable. The case then went to the U.S. Supreme Court. 

Group of adjudicated Pittsburgh delinquents versus controls (194 versus 146) Delinquent status in the juvenile court system Tibial bone Pb via XRF Cases had significantly higher tibial Pb than controls. Bone Pb 2 25 xg/g 4 times more likely to be adjudicated for delinquency Needleman et al. (2002)... 

A later study of Pittsburgh children (TV = 194 delinquents versus 46 controls) looked at the relationship of tibial bone Pb levels to delinquency stams for a group of juveniles in the Pittsburgh juvenile court system (Needleman et al., 2002). Dehnquency cases had significantly higher tibial Pb content than did control children. Children with bone Pb values 25 pg/g had a... 

MAGISTRATES COURTS Summary trial Committal proceedings for indictable offences Juvenile courts... 

Taxi Drivers Adult court Juvenile court Public health Social service Credit bureau At least 1 agency... 

Multisystemic Therapy (MST) Indicated An intensive intervention aiming to prevent reoccurrences of misbehavior in adolescents who once had contact with juvenile court systems. Participants are treated with cognitive-behavioral therapy, which is provided by trained professionals. 

When a child is arrested as a juvenile (under eighteen years of age), the court proceeding is a hearing, not a trial, and the outcome, at least for a first offense, is usually probation. Successful completion of probation usually depends on meeting certain conditions, like attending school regularly. 

Demand Reduction In the treatment area, more money was devoted to Drug Courts and a Youth Treatment Initiative was started. The Youth Treatment Initiative was to support interventions for juvenile offenders. More money was also allocated to the National Institute on Drug Abuse to conduct research. 

Juvenile Justice. Many penologists help provide research and analysis that shapes the policies of the juvenile justice system. For example, researchers have investigated the hypothesis that trying adolescents in adult courts and making them eligible for harsher sentences has a deterrent effect on crime and a reductive effect on recidivism rates. One comparative study of juvenile offenders in the states of New York and New Jersey did not find this to be the case, however. 

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