Juvenile fish

Birge, W.J., R.D. Hoyt, J.A. Black, M.D. Kercher, and W.A. Robison. 1993. Effects of chemical stresses on behavior of larval and juvenile fishes and amphibians. Pages 55-65 in L.A. Fuiman (ed.). Water Quality and the Early Life Stages of Fishes. Amer. Fish. Soc. Symp. 14, Bethesda, MD. 

Jones, P.A., R.J. Sloan, and M.P. Brown. 1989. PCB congeners to monitor with caged juvenile fish and the upper Hudson River. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 8 793-803. 

Klaverkamp, J.F., D.A. Hodgkins, and A. Lutz. 1983a. Selenite toxicity and mercury-selenium interactions in juvenile fish. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 12 405-413. 

Tilapia fish (25-35 mm length) were selected as the test organisms because of their ability to live in adverse conditions. Five juvenile fish were acclimated in a glass tank containing 2 liters of clean, conditioned water. The extract was mixed with the water in the experimental medium. The tanks were not aerated nor the fish fed during the 24-hr test. Bioassays of the organic solvent extracts were performed at a concentration of 0.1 ppt. 

Suthers, I.M., Cleary, J.J., Battglene, S.C., Evans, R. (1996). Relative RNA content a measure of condition in larval and juvenile fish. Marine and Freshwater Research, 47 301-307. 

United Kingdom A set of methods is being developed for a DTA of effluent toxicity, which is to meet the requirements of SNIFER (Scotland and Northern Ireland Forum for Environmental Research). The set includes the following toxicity tests - Algal growth inhibition test - Daphnia magna immobilization test - Juvenile fish lethality test... 

Another method for the reduction of NH4 levels in fish culture installations is the addition of clinoptilolite directly to fish culture tanks [5,85], Figure 7.17 shows a decrease in the ammonium concentration, C[%], versus time in a 5L vessel containing 500g of Tilapia juvenile fishes, where 40%, 20%, and 10% of the zeolite sample CMT were added, and where the percent (%) decrease is represented by [85]... 

Nakamura Y., Yamamoto H., Sekizawa J., Kondo T., Hirai N., Tatarazako N. (2008) The effects of pH on fluoxetine in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) acute toxicity in fish larvae and bioaccumulation in juvenile fish. Chemosphere 70 865-873. 

Karina brevis has long been associated with large fish kills and intoxication of mammalian species and aquatic species (Tester, Turner, and Shea 2000 Landsberg 2002). BTXs have been detected in tuna and other finfish, in manatees, and Muir birds (Bossart et al. 1998 Quilliam 1999). Under laboratory conditions, it has been demonstrated that BTX can persist in the food chain from dinofla-gellate, through copepod grazers, to juvenile fish (Tester, Turner, and Shea 2000). 

Subsequent studies90 focused on the population structure of fish presenting tumors as well as the role of heavy metals. Overall neoplasm prevalence appears to be stable at about 22% of the population. No juvenile fish, out of 2000 + examined, exhibited tumors. Likewise, tumor prevalence did not appear to be seasonal or site specific within the Lake of the Arbuckles. Water, sediment and fish tissues were collected from the Lake of the Arbuckles, a reference lake outside the drainage, and were analyzed for total recoverable metals (cadmium, chromium, copper, nickel and lead) by graphite furnace atomic absorption. Chromium, copper and nickel were found in the water samples at concentrations of > 1 — 8.6 /xg/1. Low concentrations (>1-13.6 /xg/g wet weight) of all the metals were found in the sediment and liver tissues from both sites. Based on these concentrations, heavy metal contamination does not appear linked to neoplasm occurrence. 

Osswald, J., ReUan, S., Carvalho, A.P., Gago, A. and Vasconcelos, V. Acute effects of an anatoxin-a producing cyanobacterium on juvenile fish—Cyprinus carpio L. Toxicon, 49(5), 693, 2006. 

In summary, therefore, the overall NOEC from the study was determined to be 8.9 pg/l [0.0089 mg/l], with statistically significant effects being seen on juvenile fish length and weight by day 60 post-hatch at a concentration of 16 pg/l [0.016 mg/l]" (p.96). 

Numerous toxicants reduce the growth rate of aquatic organisms. As shown by McKim et al. 138), chronic treatment with methylmercury significantly suppressed the growth of larval and juvenile stages of the brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis). Sublethal concentrations of aquatic toxicants sometimes produce behavioral impairments that alter reproduction in fish. Due to the avoidance response exhibited to such elements as copper and zinc, adult and juvenile fish may be restricted to the more toxicant-free compartments of polluted waters, thereby... 

Some species of larval and juvenile fish do not appear to be particularly sensitive to chlorinated aliphatics (Ward etal, 1981 Mattice etaL, 1981). Although such findings may imply that the decision to discharge wastes does not have to consider concomitant effects on sensitive life stages, there is still relatively little information available on many important species. There is also some evidence indicating that immature stages of certain invertebrate species are more sensitive to aliphatics than adults. Stewart etaL (1979) reported that concentrations as low as 0.05 mg of bromoform and chloroform induced some mortality in oyster larvae. Overall, therefore, the question of enhanced sensitivity has not been adequately resolved and requires more management-oriented research data. 

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