Insect chemosterilant

A. B. Borkovic, Insect Chemosterilants, Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1966 G. C. LaBreque and C. N. Smith, Principles of Chemosterili cyation, Elsevier,... 

Cinnamyl—sesamol ethers, eg (35), are useful as insect chemosterilants (111). 3,4-Methylenedioxyphenyl-3-halo-2-propynyl ethers (36, X = halogen) are synergists for carbamate insecticides (112). HaloaLkyl or haloalkenyl ethers, eg (37), show acaricidal and insect juvenile hormone activity (113). The first total synthesis of gibbereUic acid was from 2-methoxy-6-aLkoxyethyl-l,4-benzoquinone, a derivative of hydroxyhydroquinone (114). 

Fluoro-orotic acid was found to be an effective insect chemosterilant. When fed at a 1 per cent concentration (w/w in milk powder) for 24 h, it induced complete and permanent sterility in female adult houseflies (Musca domesticd) [205,206]. Other biological activities of 5-fluoro-orotic acid have been discussed in Part I of this review. 

The dithiazolylium salts (228), besides being insect chemosterilants, cause atrophy of the prostate gland and seminal vesicles in male rats, as well as inhibiting ovulation and interrupting pregnancy in females. The results of a detailed study have recently been... 

Insect chemosterilants may act in several ways. They may cause the insects to fail to produce ova or sperm antimetabolites, when they are also chemosterilants, act in this way. Compounds that cause the death of sperm and ova after they have been produced would also be considered chemosterilants, but I do not know of any compounds of this type which are being considered for use in insect control. A third type of action, and the one in which we are most interested at the present time, is that shown by the radiomimetic compounds. These compounds apparently injure the chromatin, or genetic material, in the sperm and ova so severely that, although they remain alive and the sperm retain full motility, the zygotes, if formed, do not complete development into mature progeny. This type of action is desired because the males sterilized in this manner compete readily with normal males for the available females and transfer motile sperm to the spermathecae of the females, with the result that the mating requirements of the females are satisfied to the same extent as in a mating with a normal male. 

The chemical also has been investigated for use as an insect chemosterilant. 

NSC 6396 Thiotepa and many other names) is a polyfunc-donai aikyiating cytotoxic ANTICANCER AGENT that interferes with the DNA of new-forming cells, so preventing celi repiication. It is used as an immunosuppressant in the treatment of tumours in the bladder by instillation) and sometimes for breast cancer. It is also an insect chemosterilant. Thiotepa thiotepa. 

Use Antineoplastic for treatment of leukemia, etc., tested for use in chemical shearing of sheep, and as an insect chemosterilant. 

An interesting type of insect chemosterilants has been reported by Jurd et al. (1979). They found that benzyl derivatives of 2,4-di-/-butylphenol and of 1,3-benzodioxoles sterilise houseflies when fed at concentrations as low as 0.025% in the diet. The most active members of this group are 2,4-bis(l,l-dimethylethyl)-... 

Males can be sterilised by insect chemosterilants in three ways (/) sperm does not develop (2) ripe sperm does not move (3) mutations resulting in unviable progeny are produced in the hereditary substance (dominant lethal mutants). The latter effect is of practical importance (Jermy, 1967). 

The number of compounds mentioned as insect chemosterilants in the literature is more than a thousand. However, only alkylating agents of aziridine and alkanesulfonate type and the nonalkylating phosphorus amides are on the verge of practical application (Bofkovec, 1974). At the same time, the use of chemosterilants offers great possibilities for plant protection. Thus, further research aimed at the elimination of undesirable side-effects by the development of compounds with more selective action seems to be necessary. 

USE Insect chemosterilant in dyeing, creaseproofing and flameproofing textiles stabilizer for polymers in photographic emulsion hardening. therap cat Antineoplastic. 

The insect chemosterilant tris(l-aziridinyl)phosphine oxide or tepa (Fig. 5A) has been reported to produce chromosomal aberrations in plant root tips (Ninan and Wilson, 1969) and in human leukocytes in vitro (Chang and Klassen, 1968). It has also been found to induce recessive lethal mutations in the sperm of the parasitic wasp Bracon hebetor (Palmquist and LaChance, 1966). 

Uses Textile treatments resin raw material crosslinker adhesion promoter insect chemosterilant coatings inks adhesives paper mbber processing crosslinking agent in polymer systems Trade Names Mapo ... 

Hazardous Decomp. Prods. Heated to decomp., emits acrid smoke and fumes Uses Insect chemosterilant nonsystemic fungicide... 

Saxena, B. P., O. Koul, K. Tkku, and C. K. Atal, A new insect chemosterilant isolated from Acorus calamus. Nature, 270, 512-513 (1977). 

Ethyleneimine will react with trimer or tetramer chloride to replace all the halogen. The fully substituted product (7.344a) has found application as an insect chemosterilant and as an anti-tumour agent. Imidazole reacts with trimer chloride to give the product (7.344b). 

The reaction of 3-benzoyl chlorides with lithioaziridine has been used to prepare aziridinylbenzazoles (652) which show insect chemosterilizing activity. ... 

Only estimates of the numbers of compounds tested as chemosterilants can be offered. Since 1955, when insect sterility acquired a certain economic potential, close to 10,000 compounds have been screened in various USDA laboratories, primarily in house flies, screwworms, Mexican fruit flies Anastrepha ludens Loew), and boll weevils Anthonomus grandis Bohe-man). Some 600 of these compounds had more or less pronounced streiliz-ing effects, and many were further tested in over 100 species of insects and other organisms. Possibly thousands of additional compounds were screened in other laboratories here and abroad, but an exact count of the active and inactive compounds has not been made. By the end of 1972, more than 1000 insect chemosterilants were described in the scientific literature. This number is more than twice that listed in a survey published by Borkovec (1966). 

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