Juvenile toxicity

Barrow PC, BarbeUion S, Stadler J pOlO) PrecUnical evaluation of juvenile toxicity. In Gautier J-C (ed) Drug safety evaluation methods and protocols. Hmnana Press, New York, pp 17-38... 

Lymphocyte Phenotyping in Developmental and Juvenile Toxicity Studies... 

Oris, J.T. and Giesy, J.P. (1986). Photoinduced toxicity of antracene to juvenile bluegill sun-fish photoperiod effects and predictive hazard evaluation. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 5, 761-768. 

In the gut, many pathogens adhere to the gut wall and produce their toxic effect via toxins which pervade the surrounding gut wall or enter the systemic circulation. Vibrio cholerae and some enteropathic E. coli strains localize on the gut wall and produce toxins which increase vascular permeability. The end result is a hypersecretion of isotonic fluids into the gut lumen, acute diarrhoea and consequent dehydration which may be fatal in juveniles and the elderly. In all these instances, binding to epithelial cells is not essential but increases permeation ofthe toxin and prolongs the presence of the pathogen. 

Loerzel S, Samuelson D, Szabo N. 1999. Ocular effects methyhnercury toxicity in juvenile double-crested cormonants (Phalacrocorax auritus). Investigative Ophthalmology Visual Science. Annual meeting of the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology. Fort Lauderdale, FL, May 9-14, 1999. 

Stable in acidic, neutral and basic aqueous solutions Pale yellowish solid, faint characteristic odor Flash point 119°C (Pensky-Martens closed tester) Pyriproxyfen is an insect growth regulator which acts both as an ovacide and as an inhibitor of development (juvenile hormone mimic) against white flies, scale, and psylla. The specificity of pyriproxyfen, and its low mammalian toxicity, allow for some variation in application timing. For example, the lack of toxicity to bees allows pyriproxyfen to be applied during bloom on apple trees, and its low mammalian toxicity allows for a very short pre-harvest interval on citrus The residue definition is for pyriproxyfen alone... 

Children s Susceptibility. No studies were located in which comparisons were made between the sensitivity of children and adults to the toxicity of americium. Animal studies indicate that juvenile dogs are less susceptible than adults to americium-induced bone cancer (Lloyd et al. 1999). No direct evidence was located to indicate that the pharmacokinetics of americium in children may be different from that in adults. Based on dosimetric considerations related to differences in the parameters of available models, as well as studies in animals, it seems likely that children may be more susceptible to americium toxicity than are adults by virtue of age-related differences in pharmacokinetics. Absorption of ingested americium may be as much as 200 times greater in neonatal animals than in adults. (Bomford and Harrison 1986 David and Harrison 1984 Sullivan et al. 1985). 

Chapman, G.A. 1978. Toxicities of cadmium, copper, and zinc to four juvenile stages of chinook salmon and steelhead. Trans. Amer. Fish. Soc. 107 841-847. 

Finlayson, B.J. and K.M. Verrue. 1982. Toxicities of copper, zinc, and cadmium mixtures to juvenile chinook salmon. Trans. Amer. Fish. Soc. 111 645-650. 

Hoare, K., J. Davenport, and A.R. Beaumont. 1995b. Effects of exposure and previous exposure to copper on growth of veliger larvae and survivorship of Mytilus edulis juveniles. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 120 163-168. Hodson, P.V., U. Borgmann, and H. Shear. 1979. Toxicity of copper to aquatic biota. Pages 307-372 in J.O. 

Jacobson, P.J., J.L. Farris, D.S. Cherry, and R.J. Neves. 1993. Juvenile freshwater mussel (Bivalvia Unionidae) responses to acute toxicity testing with copper. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 12 879-883. 

Ozoh, P.T.E. 1992a. The effects of salinity, temperature and sediment on the toxicity of copper to juvenile Hediste (Nereis) diversicolor (O.F. Muller). Environ. Monitor. Assess. 21 1-10. 

Peppard, E.M., W.R. Walters, J.W. Avault, Jr., and W.G. Perry, Jr. 1991. Toxicity of chelated copper to juvenile red drum Sciaenops ocellatus. Jour. World Aquacult. Soc. 22 101-108. 

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