Juvenile growth

Post-larval development and initial juvenile growth have been well described. While methods vary according to the different species, laboratories and countries, the central goal of this step is to bring the juveniles to a size at which they can be transferred to larger enclosures for further growth (i.e. grow-out). 

scabra (as opposed to settlement tanks being used), they are inoculated with benthic diatoms, equivalent to 6-7 % of the total volume. In addition, 5 g m of metasUicate sodium and 7 g m of fertilizer are added, under lighted conditions, to promote the multiplication of algae (Agudo, 2007). In 

fuscus, crushed cultures of phytoplankton as well as finely ground goat manure and Algamac are also used. Using settlement plates regularly replaced by freshly conditioned ones, either alone or in combination with the previously described diet, reportedly gives good results. 

Of the three species, only H. scabra will need a soft substrate (sand or mix of sand and mud) when reaching -10-15 mm in length, as the typical feeding and burrowing behavior develops. In contrast, A. japonicus and 

japonicus, harvestable sizes are reached in about 10-24 months in China (although it was reported to take five to six years in some locations in Japan) (Renbo and Yuan, 2004). In H. scabra, -12 months are required, but survival rates remain very low to this day (Agudo, 2007). Around 18-24 months are required for I. fuscus, for which reported survival rates are higher (Mercier et al., 2012). In most cases, the grow-out phase does not entail addition of food, especially if low densities are maintained and a proper environment/habitat is supplied. 

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Basically growth hormones alter the normal growth of some insect species. The juvenile growth hormone worked effectively to kill some insects in the laboratory, but when applied in the field for pest control, the hormone was not effective. Its problems centered on its high cost, rapid rate of breakdown after application, and its broad spectrum effects. For example, the hormone was found to kill beneficial species as well as pest species, much like insecticides. Thus far, it has not proven to be a useful technology for pest control (42). 

Adverse effects on juvenile growth rate during exposure for 90 days 2, 8... 

OECD 215 (2000) OECD guidlines for testing of chemicals. 215. Fish, juvenile growth test. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Paris, France. 

Test beavers preferences between adult and juvenile growth forms. 

Leaf Juvenile growth form Adult growth form... 

OECD Test Guideline 215 (2000) Fish, Juvenile Growth Test... 

Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) (2000b) Guideline for the Testing of Chemicals. Section 2 - Effects on Biotic Systems. 215-Fish Juvenile Growth Test. OECD, Paris. 

Biochemical pesticides include, but are not limited to, products such as semiochemicals (e.g., insect pheromones), hormones (e.g., insect juvenile growth hormones), natural plant and insect regulators, and enzymes. When necessary the Agency will evaluate products on an individual basis to determine whether they are biochemical or conventional chemical pesticide. ... 

Skalli, A. Robin, J.H. (2004). Requirement of n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty adds for European sea bass Dicentrarchus lahrax) juveniles Growth and fatty acid... 

IGLESIAS I, OTERO J J, MOXICA c, FUENTES L and sAnchez f J (2004) The completed life cycle of the octopus (Octopus vulgaris, Cuvier) under culture conditions paralarval rearing using Artemia and zoeae, and first data on juvenile growth up to 8 months of age . Aquae Int, 12,481-487. 

Sea cucumber aquaculture hatchery production, juvenile growth and industry challenges... 

FIGURE 4.1 AA and AS6 contents as well as AAU and AA - MM coraplexing in embryo axis and endosperm of wheat N P. 718 during 96 hours of juvenile growth ... 

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