Sediments juvenile

Clam, Macoma liliana juveniles held in sediments containing <1 (controls), 5, 10, 15, 25, 30, 50, 70, or 140 mg/kg DW. Effects on avoidance in 96 h, burial rate in 90 min, and survival in 10 days were measured... 

Ozoh, P.T.E. 1992a. The effects of salinity, temperature and sediment on the toxicity of copper to juvenile Hediste (Nereis) diversicolor (O.F. Muller). Environ. Monitor. Assess. 21 1-10. 

The presence of sediments in diflubenzuron marine microcosms results in rapid removal from seawater and ultimately a reduction in mortality of larval crustaceans (Table 17.2) (Cunningham et al. 1987). But marine sediments that exceed 200 pg diflubenzuron/kg — levels normally encountered at application rates for control of salt marsh mosquitoes — could be detrimental to juvenile and adult crustaceans that consume detritus and organic matter on the surface of the marsh or at the water-sediment interface (Cunningham and Myers 1986 Cunningham et al. 1987). 

The nematodes can be harvested from the flask in about 15 days. A 20 mesh sieve is taken and foam pieces are piled 5 cm deep on it. The sieve is then placed in a pan and brought near water tap with water level adjusted so that the foam pieces are just submerged. It is left for 2 h. During this period infective juveniles will migrate into the water. The nematodes may be sedimented and rinsed to remove particulate matter and inactive or dead juveniles. The infective juveniles thus obtained should be rinsed with specialized distilled water for several times to make the suspension clear. Various other synthetic media tested to mass culture of entomopathogenic nematodes have been enlisted (Table 13.3). 

The transport of mirex out of Lake Ontario, (a known reservoir), to its tributaries is also possible as a result of migrating fish which move from the lake into the tributary streams to spawn. Fish, such as Pacific salmon, become contaminated with mirex while in the lake. These fish then swim upstream in the tributaries to their spawning grounds, spawn, and die. A direct transfer of mirex may then occur when resident stream fish feed on the decomposing carcasses and/or eggs, both of which contain mirex residues. Indirect transfer can occur as a result of the release of mirex from the salmon into the water or sediments and subsequent movement up the food chain. Movement of mirex back into Lake Ontario is also possible when the contaminated eggs hatch and surviving juvenile salmon return to the lake (Lewis and Makarewicz 1988). 

The sedimentary and metamorphic rocks uplifted onto land have become part of continents or oceanic islands. These rocks are now subject to chemical weathering. The dissolved and particulate weathering products are transported back to the ocean by river runoff. Once in the ocean, the weathering products are available for removal back into a marine sedimentary reservoir. At present, most mass flows on this planet involve transport of the secondary (recycled) materials rather than the chemical reworking of the primary (juvenile) minerals and gases. The natirre of these transport and sediment formation processes has been covered in Chapters 14 through 19 from the perspective of the secondary minerals formed. We now reconsider these processes from the perspective of impacts on elemental segregation between the reservoirs of the crustal-ocean-atmosphere factory and the mantle. 

Juvenile Of material that has directly issued from Earth s interior, i.e., it has not been recycled through the sediments. 

Connate water Water trapped in a sedimentary rock when its sediments were originally deposited. In most cases, the origin(s) of saline water in sedimentary rocks cannot be determined and they are simply identified as formation waters (compare with meteoric, juvenile, magmatic, and metamorphic waters). 

Keller, A.E., Ruessler, D.S. and Chaffee, C.M. (1998) Testing the toxicity of sediments contaminated with diesel fuel using glochidia and juvenile mussels (Bivalvia, Unionidae), Aquatic Ecosystem Health and... 

Newton, T.J., Allran, J.W., O Donnell, J.A., Bartsch, M.R. and Richardson, W.B. (2003) Effects of ammonia on juvenile unionid mussels (Lampsilis cardium) in laboratory sediment toxicity tests, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 22 (11), 2554-2560. 

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