Industrial consumer application

Xanthan has some unique properties and high activity at low concentrations and is commercially the most important exopolysaccharide. Food products account for approximately 60% of xanthan use, 15% is accounted for by toothpaste, textiles and crop protection products, 10% in the oil industry and the remainder in miscellaneous industrial/consumer applications. 

Because of their ability to bond a wide variety of substrates, cyanoacrylate instant adhesives are now produced in multi-ton quantities for both industrial and consumer applications [3]. 

The paper and pulp industries consume taif/e quantities of Ca(OH)2 and precipitated (as distinct from naturally occurring) CaCOs. The largest application of lime in pulp manufacture is as a causlicizing agent in sulfate (kraft) plants (p. 89). Here the waste NajC solution is reacted with lime to regenerate the caustic soda used in the process ... 

Crude oil is the source for over. 1,(1(1() petroleum-based products for both industrial and consumer applications. The technique of distillation, the first stage processing of petroleum, exploits the different boiling points of the various petroleum fractions to separate out and isolate for use the different portions of the crude. The type and proportions of hydrocarbons present in each fraction depends upon the type of crude oil used and the range of temperatures employed. The major products produced directly... 

The power factor cos 6 is always a positive fraction between 0 and 1 (as long as 161 < 90°). The smaller the power factor, the greater the current that must be supplied to the circuit for a given active (useful) power output requirement. The increase in current associated with low power factors causes greater line losses or requires an increase in the capacity of the transmission equipment (wire size, transformers, etc.). As a result, for industrial applications there is often a power factor charge in the rate structure for supplying electricity. The usual situation is for loads to be inductive, and the industrial consumer may add capacitance to their circuits to correct the lagging power factor. 

R. McClelland I might add a couple of comments to that. Certainly, Consolidated Natural Gas as well as a number of other mid-Westem utilities are looking at medium Btu gas for some applications. But these are typically in locations where you have a high density of large commercial or industrial consumers that can burn low Btu gas. Certainly, from the comments that I have heard in the utility industry, I think Bill Bair is right. For residential and commercial applications, to the extent the gas industry has to increase supplies beyond that which might be displaced by medium Btu industrial gas substitution, we will certainly need methanation. 

PCP is commonly used as a wood preservative having both antifungal and insecticide properties. It has also been used in a range of areas for antifungal, antibacterial, general herbicide, and slime prevention in both industrial and consumer applications. Chronic exposure to PCP has effects on the liver, kidneys, and immune system. PCP also has the potential to cause reproductive problems and has been listed as a probable carcinogen. 

In this paper, we focus on synthesis and application of esters of bio-based organic acids. Organic acid esters are used or have potential for use in many industrial and consumer applications including solvents, paint strippers, surfactants, fragrances, and fuel stabilizers2. The chemicals used in these... 

Nevertheless consumer applications seem to be far away and at present the only substantial application fields, which can be targeted for application of 10 sensors only, are health care, ecology and defense industry. 

The answer lies in microsystem design and fabrication, applied to a relatively simple arrangement of gas sensors (the higher the integration the better). Combined with microelectronics, it is perfectly suited for the mass production of EN modules. Microsystems are usually produced in batches and will meet demand at low cost. Additionally, small size, low energy consumption and long-term stability can be achieved. Of course, not only consumer applications will benefit from the microsystem approach, since the improvements are also relevant to instruments used in industrial applications, medical care or in environmental monitoring. 

The char produced by pyrolysis is typically light and porous. Removal of most of the oxygen present in the biomass significantly increases its heating value, e.g., from 17 GJ t 1 for the lignocellulose to some 30 GJ t 1. This makes the char a valuable fuel for industrial and consumer applications. 

TPE/PVC targets general-purpose applications mainly in the automotive sector but also in construction, industrial, consumer goods, packaging, electrical electronics applications for various moulded and extruded technical goods, soft-touch overmoulding, grips. .. 

Several PFCs have been detected in human blood from populations in North and South America, Asia, Australia and Europe [48, 67, 143-146]. Different studies in Europe showed that PFOS is one of the more frequent compound present in human blood [48, 147], and the highest PFOS concentrations were found in Poland, followed by Belgium, being comparable to Sweden, with lowest concentrations in Italy [37]. These results indicate differences in exposure across Europe. However, the sources and pathways of human exposure to PECs are currently not well understood [27]. The wide variety of industrial and consumer applications leads to numerous possibilities for release of PECs into the environment and subsequent exposures to humans via environmental routes and media. However, the relative uniform distribution of blood concentrations of PECs in children and the majority of adult populations points to a common major source, possibly food. 

Platinum is a relatively rare earth metal usually found with related metals osmium and iridium. While it has a number of industrial applications, its common consumer application is in catalytic converters. This application has actually increased platinum concentrations in roadside dust. The ability of platinum and its derivatives to kill cells or inhibit cell division was discovered in 1965. Platinum-based drugs, such as cisplatin, are used to treat ovarian and testicular cancer, and cancers of the head and neck, as well as others. Unfortunately, the toxic side effects of these agents often limit their usefulness. 

Composites Both UV and EB cures are employed for the production of wood composite materials and in fiber-reinforced composites for aircraft and aerospace applications. The EB technology has been successful in the manufacture of large structures that exceed the size of autoclaves, and in curing adhesive joints in cases where uniform radiation can be provided more easily than uniform heat. In industrial and consumer applications, multiple combinations of different reinforcing fibers can be co-cured in one cycle by EB with considerably lower residual stresses than those introduced by thermal cure.16... 

Calcium carbonate is one of the most common filler/extenders used in the paint and coatings industry. Consumer and contractor paint formulas can include products from submicrometer size to coarse mesh sizes. The main function of calcium carbonate in paint is as a low cost extender. It is also used to improve brightness, application properties, stability, and exposure resistance. Coarse products help to lower gloss and sheen or even provide textured finishes. The selection of product type and particle size is determined by the desired performance and cost of the coating. 

Two lypes of batteries having immobilized electrolyte systems are also made. They are most common in consumer applications, but their use in industrial and SLI applications is increasing. Both types have low maintenance requirements and usually can be operated in any position. They arc sometimes called valve regulated or recombinant batteries because they are equipped with a one-way pressure relief vent and normally operate in a sealed condition with an oxygen recombination cycle to reduce water loss. 

Nonionic Surface-Active Agents. Approximately 14% of the ethylene oxide consumed in the United States is used in the manufacture of nonionic surfactants. These are derived by addition of ethylene oxide to fatty alcohols, alkylphenols (qv), tall oil, alkyl mercaptans, and various polyols such as polypropylene glycol), sorbitol, mannitol, and cellulose. They are used in household detergent formulations, industrial surfactant applications, in emulsion polymerization, textiles, paper manufacturing and recycling, and for many other applications (281). 

Some researchers see a bright future for dendrimers in many different industrial, medical, research, and consumer applications. One company that produces dendrimers lists applications in drug delivery systems, gene transfection, biotechnology, sensors for diagnostics and detection systems, carbon fiber coatings, microcontact printing, adhesion, molecular batteries, catalysis, separation systems, lasers, composites, and ultrathin films used in optics. 

Fermentation-derived organic acids and their esters are potentially important chemical feedstocks for polymers and specialty polymers, but most significantly as alternative solvents for industrial and consumer applications. For example, lactate esters are derived from renewable carbohydrate raw materials such as cornstarch. They exhibit much lower toxicity compared with halogenated hydrocarbons and ethylene glycol ethers and are environmentally benign. Some studies suggested that lactate ester solvents have the potential of replacing petroleum-based solvents... 

Latexes find wide use in industrial and consumer applications, particularly in the areas of synthetic rubber and coatings. Latex paints, for example, provide excellent alternatives to older, oil-based (alkyd) paints, which release substantial quantities of organic solvents to the atmosphere as they dry. Because volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are a factor in depleting the ozone layer, many industrial nations are striving to develop products... 

Lithium batteries are used in many portable consumer electronic devices and are also widely used in industry. The most common type of lithium cell used in consumer applications comprises metallic lithium as the anode and manganese dioxide as the cathode, with a Li salt such as Li perchlorate or Li tetrafluoroborate dissolved in an organic solvent. Lithium batteries find application in many long-life, critical devices such as cardiac pacemakers and other implantable electronic medical devices. These devices use special lithium-iodide batteries designed to last 15 years or more. Lithium batteries can be used in place of ordinary alkaline cells in many devices such as clocks and cameras. Although they are more expensive, lithium cells provide a much longer life, and thereby minimize battery replacement. 

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