Consumer electronics

Perhaps the most familiar example in the specialty items category is the consumer electronics market which consists primarily of solar-powered calculators and watches. Although volumes are large in terms of units sold, the revenues are relatively small. Further, the competition is fierce for any photovoltaics manufacturer who seeks to sell commodity solar cells to the consumer goods producer. 

Less expensive coin-type cells have also been developed for consumer electronics appHcations, but the severe current limitations have restricted the use of the cells. 

Other important application areas in both regions are household appliances, consumer electronic equipment, refrigerator sheeting, toys, telephones, office equipment, recreational equipment, luggage and as a modifier for PVC. 

One is inclined to think of materials as being solids when editing an encyclopedia of materials some years ago, I found it required an effort of imagination to include articles on various aspects of water, and on inks. Yet one of the most important families of materials in the general area of consumer electronics are liquid crystals, used in inexpensive displays, for instance in digital watches and calculators. They have a fascinating history as well as deep physics. 

Newer batteries can be divided into small rechargeable batteries for consumer electronics, cell-phones and laptop computers primarily, and larger advanced storage systems. The field of research on battery concepts and materials has recently... 

The battery acts as an electron pump, pushing electrons into the cathode, C, and removing diem from the anode, A. To maintain electrical neutrality, some process within the cell must consume electrons at C and liberate them at A. This process is an oxidation-reduction reaction when carried out in an electrolytic cell, it is called electrolysis. At the cathode, an ion or molecule undergoes reduction by accepting electrons. At the anode, electrons are produced by the oxidation of an ion or molecule. 

Phenylene oxide Based (PPO) plastic that is a choice for electrical applications, housings for computers and appliances, both neat and in structural foam form. It has superior dimensional stability, moisture resistance due to styrene components, which, however, cause some sacrifice of weather and chemical resistance. Use includes automobile wheel covers, pool plumbing, consumer electronic external and internal components. 

When dried in an oven, hydrated silica loses its water and becomes a desiccant (a substance that attracts water from the air). You find little packets of silica gel crystals in containers whose contents would be damaged by condensing moisture, such as vitamin bottles, consumer electronics, pepperoni, or leather products. 

New applications in consumer electronics require more storage capacities than the traditional computing section, leading HDD to a high demand on higher capacity drives. As shown in Fig. 32, the areal density roadmap in mass produc-... 

The half-reaction with the more negative produces electrons at higher electrical potential through oxidation. The half-reaction with the more positive E ° consumes electrons at lower electrical potential through reduction. 

In a hydrogen fuel cell, oxidation of H2 at the anode releases electrons into the circuit and produces aqueous H3 O ". Reduction of O2 at the cathode consumes electrons and generates OH , which combines with H3 O " to produce H2 O. The schematic diagram shows these processes. 

As an example of good choice of starting materials, NEC were interested in making wide use of biopolymers instead of petrochemically derived plastics and composites in their consumer electronics. There is a desire to use renewable materials to reduce reliance on non-renewables and to avoid the predicted rising cost of petrochemically derived materials. A range of biopolymers already exist, but they lack the performance required for products such as mobile phones, portable entertainment devices and mobile computers. 

Metal derivatives (Ti, Zn, Cd, Sn, Sb, Pb) and bromine from additives in recycled thermoplasts from consumer electronic waste were determined by dissolving the samples in an organic solvent, followed by TXRF analysis [56], The procedure proved considerably less time-consuming than conventional digestion of the polymer matrix. Results were validated independently by INAA. 

Lithium-ion (shuttle-cock, rocking-chair, swing) battery is widely considered as the most advanced power source for consumer electronics and is regarded as the most promising battery technology for a variety of other applications, such as electric vehicles, medicine and space exploration. One of the most critical factors in designing successful Li-ion cell is the choice of... 

Chapter 11 reports the use of carbon materials in the fast growing consumer electronics application of lithium-ion batteries. The principles of operation of a lithium-ion battery and the mechanism of Li insertion are reviewed. The influence of the structure of carbon materials on anode performance is described. An extensive study of the behavior of various carbons as anodes in Li-ion batteries is reported. Carbons used in commercial Li-ion batteries are briefly reviewed. 

Manufacture of Printed Wiring Boards. Printed wiring boards, or printed circuit boards, are usually thin flat panels than contain one or multiple layers of thin copper patterns that interconnect the various electronic components (e.g. integrated circuit chips, connectors, resistors) that are attached to the boards. These panels are present in almost every consumer electronic product and automobile sold today. The various photopolymer products used to manufacture the printed wiring boards include film resists, electroless plating resists (23), liquid resists, electrodeposited resists (24), solder masks (25), laser exposed photoresists (26), flexible photoimageable permanent coatings (27) and polyimide interlayer insulator films (28). Another new use of photopolymer chemistry is the selective formation of conductive patterns in polymers (29). 

Philips Domestic Appliances and Personal Care (Philips DAP) is one of the product divisions of Royal Philips Electronics, alongside Consumer Electronics, Lighting and Medical Systems. In this article we will focus on sensors that are needed within the DAP division. Philips DAP has four Business Units, each with its own specific field of interest Shaving Grooming, Body Beauty Health, Food Beverage and Home Environment Care. 

Cvejic, N., Tujkovic, I. (2004). Increasing robustness of patchwork audio watermarking algorithm using attack characterization. Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium on Consumer Electronics, (pp. 3-6). 

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