CONSUMER APPLICATIONS

Because of their ability to bond a wide variety of substrates, cyanoacrylate instant adhesives are now produced in multi-ton quantities for both industrial and consumer applications [3]. 

Low-carbon plate and sheet are made in three qualities fully killed with silicon and aluminum, semikiUed (or balanced), and rimmed steel. Fully killed steels are used for pressure vessels. Most general-purpose structural mild steels are semikiUed steels. Rimming steels have minimum amounts of deoxidation and are used mainly as thin sheet for consumer applications. 

Crude oil is the source for over. 1,(1(1() petroleum-based products for both industrial and consumer applications. The technique of distillation, the first stage processing of petroleum, exploits the different boiling points of the various petroleum fractions to separate out and isolate for use the different portions of the crude. The type and proportions of hydrocarbons present in each fraction depends upon the type of crude oil used and the range of temperatures employed. The major products produced directly... 

Xanthan has some unique properties and high activity at low concentrations and is commercially the most important exopolysaccharide. Food products account for approximately 60% of xanthan use, 15% is accounted for by toothpaste, textiles and crop protection products, 10% in the oil industry and the remainder in miscellaneous industrial/consumer applications. 

K. Kordesch, C. Faistauer, J. Daniel-Ivad, RAM batteries for consumer applications and the proper selection of chargers, IBA, 8th Int. Battery Symp., Brussels, May 1993 Prog. Batteries Batt. Mater., 1994, 13, 88-213. 

Other commercial thermoplastics include acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB), polycarbonate (PC), nylon (PA), and acetals. These resins are frequently used in consumer applications. 

PCP is commonly used as a wood preservative having both antifungal and insecticide properties. It has also been used in a range of areas for antifungal, antibacterial, general herbicide, and slime prevention in both industrial and consumer applications. Chronic exposure to PCP has effects on the liver, kidneys, and immune system. PCP also has the potential to cause reproductive problems and has been listed as a probable carcinogen. 

In this paper, we focus on synthesis and application of esters of bio-based organic acids. Organic acid esters are used or have potential for use in many industrial and consumer applications including solvents, paint strippers, surfactants, fragrances, and fuel stabilizers2. The chemicals used in these... 

Numerical soil models (time, space) provide a general tool for quantitative and qualitative analyses of soil quality, but require time consuming applications that may result in high study costs. In addition input data have to be given for each node or element of the model, which model has to be run twice, the number of rainfall events. On the other hand, analytic models obtained from analytic solutions of equation (3) are easier to use, but can simulate only averaged temporal and spatial conditions, which may not always reflect real world situations. Statistical models may provide a compromise between the above two situations. 

Nevertheless consumer applications seem to be far away and at present the only substantial application fields, which can be targeted for application of 10 sensors only, are health care, ecology and defense industry. 

The answer lies in microsystem design and fabrication, applied to a relatively simple arrangement of gas sensors (the higher the integration the better). Combined with microelectronics, it is perfectly suited for the mass production of EN modules. Microsystems are usually produced in batches and will meet demand at low cost. Additionally, small size, low energy consumption and long-term stability can be achieved. Of course, not only consumer applications will benefit from the microsystem approach, since the improvements are also relevant to instruments used in industrial applications, medical care or in environmental monitoring. 

Charge carriers, in silicon-based semiconductors, 22 237-239 Charge control additives, in paper manufacture, 13 116-117 Charge-coupled devices (CCDs), 19 132, 142-143 23 143, 144 26 421 arrays of, 22 267 in chemical analysis, 19 150 color applications of, 19 147 consumer applications of, 19 148 design type and application for,... 

Consumable-electrode melting, 23 254 Consumer applications, for polyamide plastics, 19 795... 

These are the only ranges of precursor products in the Colour Index that are still commercially significant. Azoic dyes have a close formal relationship to those monoazo pigments derived from BON acid or from acetoacetanilides (section 2.3.1) and some are chemically identical with them, although they are used in a totally different way. Azoic components are applied to produce insoluble azo dyes within the textile substrate, which is almost always cotton. Corresponding azoic components for the dyeing of cellulose acetate, triacetate and polyester fibres were once commercially important, but are now obsolete because of environmental hazards and the time-consuming application procedure. 

The char produced by pyrolysis is typically light and porous. Removal of most of the oxygen present in the biomass significantly increases its heating value, e.g., from 17 GJ t 1 for the lignocellulose to some 30 GJ t 1. This makes the char a valuable fuel for industrial and consumer applications. 

Several PFCs have been detected in human blood from populations in North and South America, Asia, Australia and Europe [48, 67, 143-146]. Different studies in Europe showed that PFOS is one of the more frequent compound present in human blood [48, 147], and the highest PFOS concentrations were found in Poland, followed by Belgium, being comparable to Sweden, with lowest concentrations in Italy [37]. These results indicate differences in exposure across Europe. However, the sources and pathways of human exposure to PECs are currently not well understood [27]. The wide variety of industrial and consumer applications leads to numerous possibilities for release of PECs into the environment and subsequent exposures to humans via environmental routes and media. However, the relative uniform distribution of blood concentrations of PECs in children and the majority of adult populations points to a common major source, possibly food. 

Platinum is a relatively rare earth metal usually found with related metals osmium and iridium. While it has a number of industrial applications, its common consumer application is in catalytic converters. This application has actually increased platinum concentrations in roadside dust. The ability of platinum and its derivatives to kill cells or inhibit cell division was discovered in 1965. Platinum-based drugs, such as cisplatin, are used to treat ovarian and testicular cancer, and cancers of the head and neck, as well as others. Unfortunately, the toxic side effects of these agents often limit their usefulness. 

Composites Both UV and EB cures are employed for the production of wood composite materials and in fiber-reinforced composites for aircraft and aerospace applications. The EB technology has been successful in the manufacture of large structures that exceed the size of autoclaves, and in curing adhesive joints in cases where uniform radiation can be provided more easily than uniform heat. In industrial and consumer applications, multiple combinations of different reinforcing fibers can be co-cured in one cycle by EB with considerably lower residual stresses than those introduced by thermal cure.16... 

Two lypes of batteries having immobilized electrolyte systems are also made. They are most common in consumer applications, but their use in industrial and SLI applications is increasing. Both types have low maintenance requirements and usually can be operated in any position. They arc sometimes called valve regulated or recombinant batteries because they are equipped with a one-way pressure relief vent and normally operate in a sealed condition with an oxygen recombination cycle to reduce water loss. 

Reaction monitoring is usually beneficial. Even for well-established syntheses, the progress of organic reactions is often monitored qualitatively by chromatographic techniques, most simply by TLC, to determine the reaction time , i.e. when the starting materials have been consumed. Application of standard quantitative chromatographic methods, e.g. GC or... 

Complexity For consumer applications, the cost of the decoding (and sometimes of the encoding, too) is relevant. Depending on the application, a different tradeoff between different kinds of complexity can be used. The most important criteria are ... 

The beneficial impact of the application of nutrigenetic principles is that genetic information may be used to guide individuals to better nutrition and lifestyle choices. This premise assumes that some individuals will have health benefits from consumption of certain nutrients and other individuals will have either less benefit or adverse reactions. In an effort to develop practical consumer applications of nutrigenetics, we focused on the role of genetic variations in key inflammatory mechanisms as a target for nutrient modulation. 

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