Medical devices electronic

The protection of microelectronics from the effects of humidity and corrosive environments presents especially demanding requirements on protective coatings and encapsulants. Silicone polymers, epoxies, and imide resins are among the materials that have been used for the encapsulation of microelectronics. The physiological environment to which implanted medical electronic devices are exposed poses an especially challenging protection problem. In this volume, Troyk et al. outline the demands placed on such systems in medical applications, and discuss the properties of a variety of silicone-based encapsulants. 

Power system. Previously, rechargeable nickel-cadmium cells were used in implant systems. More recently, the power systems of implantable medical electronic devices have become so small that a single AA size lithium primary cell can be used without recharging for more than 5 years. 

Perez R. Design of Medical Electronic Devices. Biirlington, MA Academic Press/Elsevier, 2002. Includes chapters on power subsystems, particle accelerator design, sensor characteristics, data acquisition, and optical sensors. 

Perez R. Design of Medical Electronic Devices. New York, NY Academic Press 2002. 

Packaging (food, medical devices, egg cartons, dairy containers, meat and produce trays, electronic devices, tools, dinnerware, picnic dishes, drinking cups, lids, etc.)... 

Have you ever wondered about the content of the small packets of granules included in boxes of new electronic devices, leather products, or medications Or have you simply heeded the warning label to dispose of the sachet immediately The granular desiccants in these packets have particular physical properties that enhance their function as drying agents. A look at the chemical structure or chemical properties of these materials provides a better understanding of their capacity to control moisture. 

Command system. Implanted electronic devices use command systems that operate from a radiosignal originating in physician s console, i.e., exterior to the patient. The PIMS command system is used to change the basal delivery rate, to turn the device on and off, to set the limits on medication usage. A command system for an implant allows it to adapt to the patient s changing needs. 

Why is an understanding of the transient phenomenon important Large electromagnetic devices such as transformers and motors are practically impervious to the effects of transients. Problems arise because of the sensitivity of the microelectronic devices and circuits that make up the control elements of the power system. The microprocess controller is the nerve center of every present-day manufacturing or commercial facility. Medical electronic instruments used in healthcare facilities are becoming more sophisticated and at the same time increasingly susceptible to... 

These products generally come into contact with blood or bodily fluids, and they must be subjected to a sterilization process prior to use. Nonsterile medical devices are also used (e.g., diagnostic devices, medical electronics). These generally do not come into direct contact with the patient. 

Lithium batteries are used in many portable consumer electronic devices and are also widely used in industry. The most common type of lithium cell used in consumer applications comprises metallic lithium as the anode and manganese dioxide as the cathode, with a Li salt such as Li perchlorate or Li tetrafluoroborate dissolved in an organic solvent. Lithium batteries find application in many long-life, critical devices such as cardiac pacemakers and other implantable electronic medical devices. These devices use special lithium-iodide batteries designed to last 15 years or more. Lithium batteries can be used in place of ordinary alkaline cells in many devices such as clocks and cameras. Although they are more expensive, lithium cells provide a much longer life, and thereby minimize battery replacement. 

Someday, the new warm superconductors will be used to replace conventional conductors in anything electric or electronic—computers, transmission lines, the magnets in medical imaging devices, generators in a car, a factory, spaceship, or a hydroelectric dam. All kinds of switches and sensors, is the way Donna Fitzpatrick of the Department of Energy puts it. 

The ability to synthesize carbon nanostmctures, such as fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, nanodiamond, and mesoporous carbon functionalize their surface or assemble them into three-dimensional networks has opened new avenues for material design. Carbon nanostructures possess tunable optical, electrical, or mechanical properties, making them ideal candidates for numerous applications ranging from composite structures and chemical sensors to electronic devices and medical implants. 

---